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| CMS-PAS-EXO-19-013 | ||
| Search for long-lived particles decaying to jets with displaced vertices | ||
| CMS Collaboration | ||
| September 2020 | ||
| Abstract: We report the results of a search for long-lived particles produced in pairs in proton-proton collisions at the LHC operating at a center-of-mass energy of $\sqrt{s}= $ 13 TeV. The data were collected by the CMS detector during the full Run 2 data taking period from 2015 through 2018, corresponding to a total integrated luminosity of 140 fb$^{-1}$. This search targets long-lived particles with a mean proper decay length between 0.1 and 100 mm that each decay into at least two quarks. The signature is a pair of displaced vertices each formed from many tracks. This search extends a previous CMS search using the 2015 and 2016 dataset, with improvements in background rejection, background estimation techniques, as well as uncertainty estimation. By requiring two reconstructed vertices inside the beam pipe, this search has particularly high sensitivity to decay lengths below 20 mm, which complements similar long-lived search strategies that are less sensitive to such short decay lengths. Results are compared with $R$-parity violating supersymmetry models that predict pair-produced long-lived particles, each decaying into multijet or dijet final states. No events are observed with two reconstructed high-track-multiplicity vertices. For models of long-lived pair-produced neutralinos, gluinos, and top squarks, pair-production cross sections larger than 0.08 fb are excluded at 95% confidence level for masses between 800 and 3000 GeV and mean proper decay lengths between 1 and 25 mm. | ||
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Links:
CDS record (PDF) ;
CADI line (restricted) ;
These preliminary results are superseded in this paper, Submitted to PRD. The superseded preliminary plots can be found here. |
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| Figures | |
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Figure 1:
Diagrams of the multijet signal model (left) showing a long-lived neutralino ($\tilde{\chi}^{0}$) or gluino (${\mathrm{\widetilde{g}}}$) decaying into top, bottom, and strange antiquarks via a virtual top squark ($\tilde{\mathrm{t}}$), and the dijet signal model (right) showing a long-lived top squark decaying into two down-type quarks. In both cases, the long-lived particle is the LSP in their respective models. |
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Figure 1-a:
Diagram of the multijet signal model showing a long-lived neutralino ($\tilde{\chi}^{0}$) or gluino (${\mathrm{\widetilde{g}}}$) decaying into top, bottom, and strange antiquarks via a virtual top squark ($\tilde{\mathrm{t}}$). The long-lived particle is the LSP in this model. |
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Figure 1-b:
Diagram of the dijet signal model showing a long-lived top squark decaying into two down-type quarks. The long-lived particle is the LSP in this model. |
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Figure 2:
Cartoon diagram of an event with two signal vertices with the beamspot $B$ at the origin. The beam direction is perpendicular to the $x$-$y$ plane shown. The distance between the vertices is defined as ${d_{\mathrm {VV}}}$. The distance from the beamspot to the vertices is defined as ${d_{\mathrm {BV}}}$ and the angle between the vertices with respect to the beamspot is defined as ${\Delta \phi _{\mathrm {VV}}}$. |
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Figure 3:
The distribution of distances between vertices in the $x$-$y$ plane, ${d_{\mathrm {VV}}}$, for simulated multijet signals with mass of 800 GeV, production cross section of 0.3 fb, and $c\tau = $ 0.3, 1.0, and 10 mm with the background template distribution overlaid. The last bin includes the overflow events. The two vertical red dashed lines delineate the boundaries of the bins used in the fit. |
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Figure 4:
Multijet (left) and dijet (right) signal efficiencies as a function of the signal mass and lifetime for events satisfying all event and vertex requirements with corrections based on systematic differences in the vertex reconstruction efficiency between data and simulation. |
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Figure 4-a:
Multijet signal efficiency as a function of the signal mass and lifetime for events satisfying all event and vertex requirements with corrections based on systematic differences in the vertex reconstruction efficiency between data and simulation. |
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Figure 4-b:
Dijet signal efficiency as a function of the signal mass and lifetime for events satisfying all event and vertex requirements with corrections based on systematic differences in the vertex reconstruction efficiency between data and simulation. |
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Figure 5:
The distribution of ${d_{\mathrm {BV}}}$ for $\geq $5-track one-vertex events in data and simulated multijet signal samples with mass of 800 GeV, production cross section of 0.3 fb, and $c\tau = $ 0.3, 1.0, and 10 mm. The last bin includes the overflow events. |
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Figure 6:
Distribution of the $x$-$y$ distances between vertices, ${d_{\mathrm {VV}}}$, for 2017 and 2018 data, overlaid on the background template ${d_{\mathrm {VV}}^{\,\mathrm {C}}}$ constructed from one-vertex events in data normalized to the two-vertex data for events with 3-track vertices (top left), events with exactly one 4-track vertex and one 3-track vertex (top right), and events with 4-track vertices (bottom left). The background template ${d_{\mathrm {VV}}^{\,\mathrm {C}}}$ for $\geq $5-track two-vertex events (bottom right) is normalized using one-vertex event information as described in the text. The two vertical red dashed lines delineate the three ${d_{\mathrm {VV}}}$ bins. |
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Figure 6-a:
Distribution of the $x$-$y$ distances between vertices, ${d_{\mathrm {VV}}}$, for 2017 and 2018 data, overlaid on the background template ${d_{\mathrm {VV}}^{\,\mathrm {C}}}$ constructed from one-vertex events in data normalized to the two-vertex data for events with 3-track vertices. The two vertical red dashed lines delineate the three ${d_{\mathrm {VV}}}$ bins. |
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Figure 6-b:
Distribution of the $x$-$y$ distances between vertices, ${d_{\mathrm {VV}}}$, for 2017 and 2018 data, overlaid on the background template ${d_{\mathrm {VV}}^{\,\mathrm {C}}}$ constructed from one-vertex events in data normalized to the two-vertex data for events with exactly one 4-track vertex and one 3-track vertex. The two vertical red dashed lines delineate the three ${d_{\mathrm {VV}}}$ bins. |
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Figure 6-c:
Distribution of the $x$-$y$ distances between vertices, ${d_{\mathrm {VV}}}$, for 2017 and 2018 data, overlaid on the background template ${d_{\mathrm {VV}}^{\,\mathrm {C}}}$ constructed from one-vertex events in data normalized to the two-vertex data for events with 4-track vertices. The two vertical red dashed lines delineate the three ${d_{\mathrm {VV}}}$ bins. |
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Figure 6-d:
The background template ${d_{\mathrm {VV}}^{\,\mathrm {C}}}$ for $\geq $5-track two-vertex events is normalized using one-vertex event information as described in the text. The two vertical red dashed lines delineate the three ${d_{\mathrm {VV}}}$ bins. |
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Figure 7:
Observed 95% CL upper limits on cross section times branching fraction squared for the multijet (left) and dijet (right) signals as a function of mass and $c\tau $. The overlaid mass-lifetime exclusion curves assume pair-production cross sections for the neutralino (red) and gluino (pink) in multijet signals and top squark cross sections for the dijet signals with 100% branching fraction to each model's respective decay mode specified. The solid black (dashed colored) lines represent the observed (median expected) limits at 95% CL. The thin black lines represent the variation of the observed limit within theoretical uncertainties of the signal cross section. The thin dashed colored lines represent the region containing 68% of the expected limit distribution under the background-only hypothesis. The observed limits from the CMS displaced jets search [29] are also shown in green for comparison. |
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Figure 7-a:
Observed 95% CL upper limits on cross section times branching fraction squared for the multijet signal as a function of mass and $c\tau $. The overlaid mass-lifetime exclusion curves assume pair-production cross sections for the neutralino (red) and gluino (pink) in multijet signals and top squark cross sections for the dijet signals with 100% branching fraction to each model's respective decay mode specified. The solid black (dashed colored) lines represent the observed (median expected) limits at 95% CL. The thin black lines represent the variation of the observed limit within theoretical uncertainties of the signal cross section. The thin dashed colored lines represent the region containing 68% of the expected limit distribution under the background-only hypothesis. The observed limits from the CMS displaced jets search [29] are also shown in green for comparison. |
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Figure 7-b:
Observed 95% CL upper limits on cross section times branching fraction squared for the dijet signal as a function of mass and $c\tau $. The overlaid mass-lifetime exclusion curves assume pair-production cross sections for the neutralino (red) and gluino (pink) in multijet signals and top squark cross sections for the dijet signals with 100% branching fraction to each model's respective decay mode specified. The solid black (dashed colored) lines represent the observed (median expected) limits at 95% CL. The thin black lines represent the variation of the observed limit within theoretical uncertainties of the signal cross section. The thin dashed colored lines represent the region containing 68% of the expected limit distribution under the background-only hypothesis. The observed limits from the CMS displaced jets search [29] are also shown in green for comparison. |
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Figure 8:
Observed and expected 95% CL upper limits on cross section times branching fraction squared as a function of mass for multijet signals (left) and dijet signals (right), for a fixed $c\tau $ of 0.3 mm (top), 1 mm (middle), and 10 mm (bottom) in the full Run 2 data set. The neutralino and gluino pair production cross sections are overlaid for the multijet signals, and the top squark pair production cross section is overlaid for the dijet signals. |
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Figure 8-a:
Observed and expected 95% CL upper limits on cross section times branching fraction squared as a function of mass for the multijet signal, for a fixed $c\tau $ of 0.3 mm in the full Run 2 data set. The neutralino and gluino pair production cross sections are overlaid for the multijet signals, and the top squark pair production cross section is overlaid for the dijet signals. |
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Figure 8-b:
Observed and expected 95% CL upper limits on cross section times branching fraction squared as a function of mass for the dijet signal, for a fixed $c\tau $ of 0.3 mm in the full Run 2 data set. The neutralino and gluino pair production cross sections are overlaid for the multijet signals, and the top squark pair production cross section is overlaid for the dijet signals. |
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Figure 8-c:
Observed and expected 95% CL upper limits on cross section times branching fraction squared as a function of mass for the multijet signal, for a fixed $c\tau $ of 1 mm in the full Run 2 data set. The neutralino and gluino pair production cross sections are overlaid for the multijet signals, and the top squark pair production cross section is overlaid for the dijet signals. |
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Figure 8-d:
Observed and expected 95% CL upper limits on cross section times branching fraction squared as a function of mass for the dijet signal, for a fixed $c\tau $ of 1 mm in the full Run 2 data set. The neutralino and gluino pair production cross sections are overlaid for the multijet signals, and the top squark pair production cross section is overlaid for the dijet signals. |
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Figure 8-e:
Observed and expected 95% CL upper limits on cross section times branching fraction squared as a function of mass for the multijet signal, for a fixed $c\tau $ of 10 mm in the full Run 2 data set. The neutralino and gluino pair production cross sections are overlaid for the multijet signals, and the top squark pair production cross section is overlaid for the dijet signals. |
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Figure 8-f:
Observed and expected 95% CL upper limits on cross section times branching fraction squared as a function of mass for the dijet signal, for a fixed $c\tau $ of 10 mm in the full Run 2 data set. The neutralino and gluino pair production cross sections are overlaid for the multijet signals, and the top squark pair production cross section is overlaid for the dijet signals. |
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Figure 9:
Observed and expected 95% CL upper limits on cross section times branching fraction squared as a function of $c\tau $ for multijet signals (left) and dijet signals (right), for a fixed mass of 800 GeV (top), 1600 GeV (middle), and 2400 GeV (bottom) in the full Run 2 data set. The neutralino and gluino pair production cross sections are overlaid for the multijet signals, and the top squark pair production cross section is overlaid for the dijet signals. |
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Figure 9-a:
Observed and expected 95% CL upper limits on cross section times branching fraction squared as a function of $c\tau $ for multijet dijet signal, for a fixed mass of 800 GeV in the full Run 2 data set. The neutralino and gluino pair production cross sections are overlaid for the multijet signals, and the top squark pair production cross section is overlaid for the dijet signals. |
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Figure 9-b:
Observed and expected 95% CL upper limits on cross section times branching fraction squared as a function of $c\tau $ for multijet dijet signal, for a fixed mass of 800 GeV in the full Run 2 data set. The neutralino and gluino pair production cross sections are overlaid for the multijet signals, and the top squark pair production cross section is overlaid for the dijet signals. |
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Figure 9-c:
Observed and expected 95% CL upper limits on cross section times branching fraction squared as a function of $c\tau $ for multijet dijet signal, for a fixed mass of 1600 GeV in the full Run 2 data set. The neutralino and gluino pair production cross sections are overlaid for the multijet signals, and the top squark pair production cross section is overlaid for the dijet signals. |
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Figure 9-d:
Observed and expected 95% CL upper limits on cross section times branching fraction squared as a function of $c\tau $ for multijet dijet signal, for a fixed mass of 1600 GeV in the full Run 2 data set. The neutralino and gluino pair production cross sections are overlaid for the multijet signals, and the top squark pair production cross section is overlaid for the dijet signals. |
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Figure 9-e:
Observed and expected 95% CL upper limits on cross section times branching fraction squared as a function of $c\tau $ for multijet dijet signal, for a fixed mass of 2400 GeV in the full Run 2 data set. The neutralino and gluino pair production cross sections are overlaid for the multijet signals, and the top squark pair production cross section is overlaid for the dijet signals. |
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Figure 9-f:
Observed and expected 95% CL upper limits on cross section times branching fraction squared as a function of $c\tau $ for multijet dijet signal, for a fixed mass of 2400 GeV in the full Run 2 data set. The neutralino and gluino pair production cross sections are overlaid for the multijet signals, and the top squark pair production cross section is overlaid for the dijet signals. |
| Tables | |
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Table 1:
Event yields in the control regions in 101 fb$^{-1}$ of data. The "one-vertex'' events correspond to events containing exactly one vertex with the specified number of tracks. The "two-vertex'' events have two or more vertices containing the specified numbers of tracks. We seek the signal in the $\geq $5-track two-vertex sample. |
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Table 2:
Signal-related systematic uncertainties for dijet and multijet signal models. The overall uncertainty is the sum in quadrature of the individual uncertainties. |
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Table 3:
Systematic shifts and the statistical uncertainties on them in the background prediction in each ${d_{\mathrm {VV}}^{\,\mathrm {C}}}$ bin arising from varying the construction of the ${d_{\mathrm {VV}}^{\,\mathrm {C}}}$ template. The overall systematic uncertainty and its statistical uncertainty in each bin is the sum in quadrature of the shifts assuming no correlations among the sources. |
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Table 4:
Predicted yields for the background-only normalized template, the predicted yields for multijet signals with mass of 800 GeV, production cross section of 0.3 fb, and $c\tau =$ 0.3, 1.0, and 10 mm, and the observed yield in each ${d_{\mathrm {VV}}}$ bin. The uncertainty in the signal yields and the systematic uncertainty in the background prediction reflect the systematic uncertainties given in Tables 2 and 3, respectively. |
| Summary |
| We present a search for pair-produced long-lived particles decaying into multijet and dijet final states using proton-proton collision events collected with the CMS detector at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV during the full Run 2 data collection period, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 140 fb$^{-1}$. No events were observed in the signal region in the 2017 and 2018 datasets, and no excess yield beyond the standard model prediction is observed in the full Run 2 dataset. At 95% CL, upper limits are set for an RPV SUSY model in which a long-lived neutralino or gluino decays into a multijet final state with top, bottom, and strange antiquarks. Signal pair-production cross sections larger than 0.08 fb are excluded for long-lived neutralino, gluino, and top squark masses between 800 and 3000 GeV and mean proper decay lengths between 1 mm and 25 mm. For the range of mean proper decay lengths between 0.6 and 90 mm, the data exclude gluino masses up to 2500 GeV. For a neutralino LSP, the data exclude neutralino masses up to 1100 GeV for mean proper decay lengths between 0.6 and 70 mm. Additionally, limits are placed for an RPV SUSY model in which a long-lived top squark decays into a dijet final state with two down antiquarks. The data exclude top squark masses up to 1600 GeV for mean proper decay lengths between 0.4 and 80 mm. These are the most stringent bounds on these models for $c\tau$ between 100 $\mu$m and 15 mm for all masses considered, complementing the results of the CMS displaced jet search [29]. While the search directly constrains these two RPV SUSY models, the techniques and methodology are generic and the results are applicable to other models of pair-produced long-lived particles that decay into jets. A method is provided in Appendix A1 to facilitate the reinterpretation of these results for alternative models. |
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