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| CMS-PAS-HIN-18-005 | ||
| Nuclear modification of $\Upsilon$ states in pPb collisions at ${\sqrt {\smash [b]{s_{_{\mathrm {NN}}}}}} = $ 5.02 TeV | ||
| CMS Collaboration | ||
| November 2019 | ||
| Abstract: Production cross sections of $\Upsilon(\mathrm{1S})$, $\Upsilon(\mathrm{2S})$, and $\Upsilon(\mathrm{3S})$ states decaying into $\mu^{+}\mu^{-}$ in proton-lead (pPb) collisions are reported using data collected by the CMS experiment at ${\sqrt {\smash [b]{s_{_{\mathrm {NN}}}}}}= $ 5.02 TeV. Nuclear modification factors $R_\mathrm{pPb}$ for all three $\Upsilon$ states are obtained using measured proton-proton (pp) cross sections at the same collision energy. All $\Upsilon$ states are found to be suppressed in pPb collisions compared to pp collisions. The $\Upsilon$ $R_\mathrm{pPb}$ show a sequential ordering, with $\Upsilon(\mathrm{1S})$ least suppressed and $\Upsilon(\mathrm{3S})$ most suppressed, indicating presence of final-state modification of $\Upsilon$ states in pPb collisions. When presented as a function of transverse momentum $p_\mathrm{T}$ and center-of-mass rapidity $y_\mathrm{CM}$, the $R_\mathrm{pPb}$ of individual $\Upsilon$ states are found to be consistent with constant values; although there is slight indication of higher separation of the suppression level of excited states for low-$p_\mathrm{T}$ $\Upsilon$ in the lead-going direction, where more nuclear matter is present. The final-state comover interaction model, which predicts sequential suppression of bottomonia in pPb, is found to be in better agreement with $R_\mathrm{pPb}$ versus $y_\mathrm{CM}$ than initial-state models. The nuclear modification observed in pPb collisions is less pronounced than the strong modification observed in lead-lead collisions, suggesting presence of additional quark gluon plasma effects in the latter. Forward-backward production ratios $R_\mathrm{FB}$ of $\Upsilon$ states are reported as functions of event activity variables, obtained from midrapidity as well as forward and backward rapidity regions. The $R_\mathrm{FB}$ for all $\Upsilon$ states are found to be consistent with unity and constant with increasing event activity, irrespective of the rapidity region used to measure activity. | ||
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These preliminary results are superseded in this paper, Submitted to PLB. The superseded preliminary plots can be found here. |
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| Figures | |
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Figure 1:
Measured dimuon invariant mass distributions (closed circles) for pp collisions (left) and pPb collisions (right). The total unbinned maximum-likelihood fits to the data are shown as solid blue lines, with the background component indicated by dashed blue lines. The individual $\Upsilon (\mathrm {1S})$, $\Upsilon (\mathrm {2S})$, and $\Upsilon (\mathrm {3S})$ signal shapes in pp are depicted as dashed green lines in the left panel. The dashed red line in the right panel is obtained by scaling the $\Upsilon (\mathrm {1S})$, $\Upsilon (\mathrm {2S})$, and $\Upsilon (\mathrm {3S})$ signal shapes in pPb (solid blue line) by the inverse of the measured ${R_{\mathrm {pPb}}}$ for each state. |
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Figure 1-a:
Measured dimuon invariant mass distribution (closed circles) for pp collisions. The total unbinned maximum-likelihood fits to the data are shown as solid blue lines, with the background component indicated by dashed blue lines. The individual $\Upsilon (\mathrm {1S})$, $\Upsilon (\mathrm {2S})$, and $\Upsilon (\mathrm {3S})$ signal shapes in pp are depicted as dashed green lines in the left panel. The dashed red line in the right panel is obtained by scaling the $\Upsilon (\mathrm {1S})$, $\Upsilon (\mathrm {2S})$, and $\Upsilon (\mathrm {3S})$ signal shapes in pPb (solid blue line) by the inverse of the measured ${R_{\mathrm {pPb}}}$ for each state. |
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Figure 1-b:
Measured dimuon invariant mass distribution (closed circles) for pPb collisions. The total unbinned maximum-likelihood fits to the data are shown as solid blue lines, with the background component indicated by dashed blue lines. The individual $\Upsilon (\mathrm {1S})$, $\Upsilon (\mathrm {2S})$, and $\Upsilon (\mathrm {3S})$ signal shapes in pp are depicted as dashed green lines in the left panel. The dashed red line in the right panel is obtained by scaling the $\Upsilon (\mathrm {1S})$, $\Upsilon (\mathrm {2S})$, and $\Upsilon (\mathrm {3S})$ signal shapes in pPb (solid blue line) by the inverse of the measured ${R_{\mathrm {pPb}}}$ for each state. |
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Figure 2:
Cross section times dimuon branching fraction of $\Upsilon (\mathrm {1S})$ (red circles), $\Upsilon (\mathrm {2S})$ (blue squares), and $\Upsilon (\mathrm {3S})$ (green diamonds) as a function of $p_\mathrm {T}$ (left) and rapidity (right) in pPb collisions. Error bars on the points represent statistical and fit uncertainties and filled boxes represent systematic uncertainties. |
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Figure 2-a:
Cross section times dimuon branching fraction of $\Upsilon (\mathrm {1S})$ (red circles), $\Upsilon (\mathrm {2S})$ (blue squares), and $\Upsilon (\mathrm {3S})$ (green diamonds) as a function of $p_\mathrm {T}$ in pPb collisions. Error bars on the points represent statistical and fit uncertainties and filled boxes represent systematic uncertainties. |
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Figure 2-b:
Cross section times dimuon branching fraction of $\Upsilon (\mathrm {1S})$ (red circles), $\Upsilon (\mathrm {2S})$ (blue squares), and $\Upsilon (\mathrm {3S})$ (green diamonds) as a function of rapidity in pPb collisions. Error bars on the points represent statistical and fit uncertainties and filled boxes represent systematic uncertainties. |
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Figure 3:
${R_{\mathrm {pPb}}}$ of $\Upsilon (\mathrm {1S})$ (red circles), $\Upsilon (\mathrm {2S})$ (blue squares), and $\Upsilon (\mathrm {3S})$ (green diamonds) as a function of $p_\mathrm {T}$ for $| {y_{\mathrm {CM}}}| < $ 1.93 (left) and versus ${y_{\mathrm {CM}}}$ for $p_\mathrm {T} < $ 30 GeV/$c$ (right). Error bars on the points represent statistical and fit uncertainties and filled boxes represent systematic uncertainties. The gray box around the line at unity represents the global uncertainty due to luminosity normalization. All three $\Upsilon $ states are suppressed in pPb collisions compared to pp collisions throughout the kinematic region explored. For each $\Upsilon $ state, the measured ${R_{\mathrm {pPb}}}$ is consistent with a constant value across the kinematic range. The $\Upsilon $ states show a sequential pattern of suppression, with $\Upsilon (\mathrm {1S})$ the least suppressed. |
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Figure 3-a:
${R_{\mathrm {pPb}}}$ of $\Upsilon (\mathrm {1S})$ (red circles), $\Upsilon (\mathrm {2S})$ (blue squares), and $\Upsilon (\mathrm {3S})$ (green diamonds) as a function of $p_\mathrm {T}$ for $| {y_{\mathrm {CM}}}| < $ 1.93. Error bars on the points represent statistical and fit uncertainties and filled boxes represent systematic uncertainties. The gray box around the line at unity represents the global uncertainty due to luminosity normalization. All three $\Upsilon $ states are suppressed in pPb collisions compared to pp collisions throughout the kinematic region explored. For each $\Upsilon $ state, the measured ${R_{\mathrm {pPb}}}$ is consistent with a constant value across the kinematic range. The $\Upsilon $ states show a sequential pattern of suppression, with $\Upsilon (\mathrm {1S})$ the least suppressed. |
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Figure 3-b:
${R_{\mathrm {pPb}}}$ of $\Upsilon (\mathrm {1S})$ (red circles), $\Upsilon (\mathrm {2S})$ (blue squares), and $\Upsilon (\mathrm {3S})$ (green diamonds) versus ${y_{\mathrm {CM}}}$ for $p_\mathrm {T} < $ 30 GeV/$c$. Error bars on the points represent statistical and fit uncertainties and filled boxes represent systematic uncertainties. The gray box around the line at unity represents the global uncertainty due to luminosity normalization. All three $\Upsilon $ states are suppressed in pPb collisions compared to pp collisions throughout the kinematic region explored. For each $\Upsilon $ state, the measured ${R_{\mathrm {pPb}}}$ is consistent with a constant value across the kinematic range. The $\Upsilon $ states show a sequential pattern of suppression, with $\Upsilon (\mathrm {1S})$ the least suppressed. |
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Figure 4:
${R_{\mathrm {pPb}}}$ of $\Upsilon (\mathrm {1S})$ versus ${y_{\mathrm {CM}}}$ with shadowing predictions from R. Vogt [23] (left) and energy loss with and without shadowing corrections from F. Arleo and S. Peigne [24] (right). These initial- and intermediate-state effects modify all $\Upsilon $ states similarly. Error bars on the points represent statistical and fit uncertainties and filled boxes represent systematic uncertainties. The gray box around the line at unity represents the global uncertainty due to luminosity normalization. |
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Figure 4-a:
${R_{\mathrm {pPb}}}$ of $\Upsilon (\mathrm {1S})$ versus ${y_{\mathrm {CM}}}$ with shadowing predictions from R. Vogt [23]. Error bars on the points represent statistical and fit uncertainties and filled boxes represent systematic uncertainties. The gray box around the line at unity represents the global uncertainty due to luminosity normalization. |
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Figure 4-b:
${R_{\mathrm {pPb}}}$ of $\Upsilon (\mathrm {1S})$ versus ${y_{\mathrm {CM}}}$ with energy loss with and without shadowing corrections from F. Arleo and S. Peigne [24]. Error bars on the points represent statistical and fit uncertainties and filled boxes represent systematic uncertainties. The gray box around the line at unity represents the global uncertainty due to luminosity normalization. |
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Figure 5:
${R_{\mathrm {pPb}}}$ versus ${y_{\mathrm {CM}}}$ with comover effect predictions from E. Ferreiro and J. Lansberg [26] with shadowing corrections using nCTEQ15 and EPS09 for $\Upsilon (\mathrm {1S})$ (top left), $\Upsilon (\mathrm {2S})$ (top right) and $\Upsilon (\mathrm {3S})$ (bottom). The final-state comover effect is seen to modify the $\Upsilon $ states sequentially. Error bars on the points represent statistical and fit uncertainties and filled boxes represent systematic uncertainties. The gray box around the line at unity represents the global uncertainty due to luminosity normalization. |
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Figure 5-a:
${R_{\mathrm {pPb}}}$ versus ${y_{\mathrm {CM}}}$ with comover effect predictions from E. Ferreiro and J. Lansberg [26] with shadowing corrections using nCTEQ15 and EPS09 for $\Upsilon (\mathrm {1S})$. Error bars on the points represent statistical and fit uncertainties and filled boxes represent systematic uncertainties. The gray box around the line at unity represents the global uncertainty due to luminosity normalization. |
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Figure 5-b:
${R_{\mathrm {pPb}}}$ versus ${y_{\mathrm {CM}}}$ with comover effect predictions from E. Ferreiro and J. Lansberg [26] with shadowing corrections using nCTEQ15 and EPS09 for $\Upsilon (\mathrm {2S})$. Error bars on the points represent statistical and fit uncertainties and filled boxes represent systematic uncertainties. The gray box around the line at unity represents the global uncertainty due to luminosity normalization. |
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Figure 5-c:
${R_{\mathrm {pPb}}}$ versus ${y_{\mathrm {CM}}}$ with comover effect predictions from E. Ferreiro and J. Lansberg [26] with shadowing corrections using nCTEQ15 and EPS09 for $\Upsilon (\mathrm {3S})$. Error bars on the points represent statistical and fit uncertainties and filled boxes represent systematic uncertainties. The gray box around the line at unity represents the global uncertainty due to luminosity normalization. |
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Figure 6:
${R_{\mathrm {pPb}}}$ of $\Upsilon (\mathrm {1S})$ (red circles), $\Upsilon (\mathrm {2S})$ (blue squares), and $\Upsilon (\mathrm {3S})$ (green diamonds) at forward and backward rapidity for 0 $ < {p_{\mathrm {T}}} < $ 6 GeV/$c$ (left) and 6 $ < {p_{\mathrm {T}}} < $ 30 GeV/$c$ (right). The points are shifted horizontally for better visibility. Error bars on the points represent statistical and fit uncertainties and filled boxes represent systematic uncertainties. The gray box around the line at unity represents the global uncertainty due to luminosity normalization. |
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Figure 6-a:
${R_{\mathrm {pPb}}}$ of $\Upsilon (\mathrm {1S})$ (red circles), $\Upsilon (\mathrm {2S})$ (blue squares), and $\Upsilon (\mathrm {3S})$ (green diamonds) at forward and backward rapidity for 0 $ < {p_{\mathrm {T}}} < $ 6 GeV/$c$. The points are shifted horizontally for better visibility. Error bars on the points represent statistical and fit uncertainties and filled boxes represent systematic uncertainties. The gray box around the line at unity represents the global uncertainty due to luminosity normalization. |
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Figure 6-b:
${R_{\mathrm {pPb}}}$ of $\Upsilon (\mathrm {1S})$ (red circles), $\Upsilon (\mathrm {2S})$ (blue squares), and $\Upsilon (\mathrm {3S})$ (green diamonds) at forward and backward rapidity for 6 $ < {p_{\mathrm {T}}} < $ 30 GeV/$c$. The points are shifted horizontally for better visibility. Error bars on the points represent statistical and fit uncertainties and filled boxes represent systematic uncertainties. The gray box around the line at unity represents the global uncertainty due to luminosity normalization. |
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Figure 7:
${R_{\mathrm {FB}}}$ vs. midrapidity $N_\mathrm {tracks}$ (left) and forward/backward rapidity $E_{T}^{HF}$ (right) of $\Upsilon (\mathrm {1S})$ (red circles), $\Upsilon (\mathrm {2S})$ (blue squares), and $\Upsilon (\mathrm {3S})$ (green diamonds) for $p_\mathrm {T} < $ 30 GeV/$c$ and $| {y_{\mathrm {CM}}}| < $ 1.93. Error bars on the points represent statistical and fit uncertainties and filled boxes represent systematic uncertainties. |
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Figure 7-a:
${R_{\mathrm {FB}}}$ vs. midrapidity $N_\mathrm {tracks}$ of $\Upsilon (\mathrm {1S})$ (red circles), $\Upsilon (\mathrm {2S})$ (blue squares), and $\Upsilon (\mathrm {3S})$ (green diamonds) for $p_\mathrm {T} < $ 30 GeV/$c$ and $| {y_{\mathrm {CM}}}| < $ 1.93. Error bars on the points represent statistical and fit uncertainties and filled boxes represent systematic uncertainties. |
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Figure 7-b:
${R_{\mathrm {FB}}}$ vs. forward/backward rapidity $E_{T}^{HF}$ of $\Upsilon (\mathrm {1S})$ (red circles), $\Upsilon (\mathrm {2S})$ (blue squares), and $\Upsilon (\mathrm {3S})$ (green diamonds) for $p_\mathrm {T} < $ 30 GeV/$c$ and $| {y_{\mathrm {CM}}}| < $ 1.93. Error bars on the points represent statistical and fit uncertainties and filled boxes represent systematic uncertainties. |
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Figure 8:
${R_{\mathrm {pPb}}}$ of $\Upsilon (\mathrm {1S})$, $\Upsilon (\mathrm {2S})$ and $\Upsilon (\mathrm {3S})$ (red circles) for the integrated kinematic range 0 $ < {p_{\mathrm {T}}} < $ 30 GeV/$c$ and $| {y_{\mathrm {CM}}}| < $ 1.93. The ${R_{\mathrm {pPb}}}$ results are compared to the CMS results on $\Upsilon $ ${R_{\mathrm {AA}}}$ (blue squares for $\Upsilon (\mathrm {1S})$ and $\Upsilon (\mathrm {2S})$ and blue arrow for $\Upsilon (\mathrm {3S})$ at 95% confidence level) for 0 $ < {p_{\mathrm {T}}} < $ 30 GeV/$c$ and $| {y_{\mathrm {CM}}}| < $ 2.4 at the same energy [17]. Error bars represent statistical and fit uncertainties and filled boxes around points represent systematic uncertainties. The gray and red boxes around the line at unity depict the uncertainty in the pp and pPb luminosity normalizations, respectively. The blue box around unity depicts the global uncertainty pertaining to PbPb data. |
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Figure 9:
Cross section times dimuon branching fraction of $\Upsilon (\mathrm {1S})$ (red circles), $\Upsilon (\mathrm {2S})$ (blue squares), and $\Upsilon (\mathrm {3S})$ (green diamonds) as a function of $p_\mathrm {T}$ (left) and rapidity (right) in pp collisions. Error bars on the points represent statistical and fit uncertainties and filled boxes represent systematic uncertainties. |
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Figure 9-a:
Cross section times dimuon branching fraction of $\Upsilon (\mathrm {1S})$ (red circles), $\Upsilon (\mathrm {2S})$ (blue squares), and $\Upsilon (\mathrm {3S})$ (green diamonds) as a function of $p_\mathrm {T}$ in pp collisions. Error bars on the points represent statistical and fit uncertainties and filled boxes represent systematic uncertainties. |
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Figure 9-b:
Cross section times dimuon branching fraction of $\Upsilon (\mathrm {1S})$ (red circles), $\Upsilon (\mathrm {2S})$ (blue squares), and $\Upsilon (\mathrm {3S})$ (green diamonds) as a function of rapidity in pp collisions. Error bars on the points represent statistical and fit uncertainties and filled boxes represent systematic uncertainties. |
| Summary |
| In summary, the $\Upsilon$ family has been studied in pPb collisions at 5.02 TeV and the production cross sections presented. Together with pp data obtained at the same center-of-mass energy, we measured the nuclear modification factors for the three $\Upsilon$ states decaying in the dimuon channel. We observe a suppression of the $\Upsilon$ yields relative to the hypothesis of $A$-scaling for all three states, in the full kinematic range studied. No significant trend is seen for the suppression as functions of $p_\mathrm{T}$ or $y_\mathrm{CM}$, although there is slight indication of higher separation of the suppression level of excited states in the lead-going direction for low-$p_\mathrm{T}$ $\Upsilon$. The forward-backward production ratios $R_\mathrm{FB}$ of $\Upsilon$ states were studied separately as functions of event activity recorded near to and far away from the rapidity region where $\Upsilon$ mesons were measured. The $R_\mathrm{FB}$ values are consistent with unity for all states, independent of the rapidity region used to measure activity. The integrated nuclear modification factors for $\Upsilon$ were compared to those obtained in PbPb collisions. The $R_\mathrm{AA}$ values are much smaller than the corresponding $R_\mathrm{pPb}$ value for each state, as expected in the presence of deconfinement effects in PbPb. A modest sequential suppression, consistent with predictions from hadronic comover effects, is observed in pPb, indicating the presence of final-state effects in pPb collisions. These results will help to elucidate the contributions of cold and hot nuclear matter effects to the modification of bottomonia in heavy ion collisions. |
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