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| CMS-PAS-SMP-22-001 | ||
| Measurement of the differential ZZ+jets production cross sections in pp collisions at $ \sqrt{s} = $ 13 TeV | ||
| CMS Collaboration | ||
| 21 May 2023 | ||
| Abstract: Diboson ZZ production in association with jets in the fully leptonic final states in proton-proton collisions, $ \textrm{pp} \to (\textrm{Z}/\gamma^*)(\textrm{Z}/\gamma^*) \to 2\ell2\ell' $, ($ \ell,\ell' =$ e or $ \mu $), is studied at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 138 fb$ ^{-1} $ collected during 2016-2018 with the CMS detector at the LHC. Differential distributions and normalized differential cross sections are measured as a function of the number of jets, as a function of the transverse momentum $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $, pseudorapidity $ \eta $, invariant mass and $ \Delta\eta $ of the highest-$ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ and second-highest-$ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ jets, and as a function of the invariant mass of the four leptons with different jet multiplicities, and compared to theoretical predictions. The predictions in general agree with the data, but in some regions significant discrepancies between predicted and measured values are observed. | ||
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These preliminary results are superseded in this paper, Submitted to JHEP. The superseded preliminary plots can be found here. |
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| Figures | |
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Figure 1:
Distribution of the number of jets with $ p_{\mathrm{T}} > $ 30 GeV (left) and of $ m_{\mathrm{Z}\mathrm{Z}} $ (right) for ZZ + jets events with 60 $ < m_{\mathrm{Z}_1, \mathrm{Z}_2} < $ 120 GeV for the combined 4e, 4$ \mu $, and 2e2$ \mu $ decay channels. Points represent the data, vertical bars the statistical uncertainties, and shaded histograms represent the expected standard model predictions and reducible background estimated from data. The gray band represents the systematic uncertainties in the predictions, which includes systematic uncertainties associated with trigger efficiency, lepton efficiencies, jet energy correction and jet energy resolution, pileup, luminosity, Monte Carlo generator choice, $ gg \to ZZ $ cross section, and reducible background. Overflow is included in the last bin of the distributions. |
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Figure 1-a:
Distribution of the number of jets with $ p_{\mathrm{T}} > $ 30 GeV (left) and of $ m_{\mathrm{Z}\mathrm{Z}} $ (right) for ZZ + jets events with 60 $ < m_{\mathrm{Z}_1, \mathrm{Z}_2} < $ 120 GeV for the combined 4e, 4$ \mu $, and 2e2$ \mu $ decay channels. Points represent the data, vertical bars the statistical uncertainties, and shaded histograms represent the expected standard model predictions and reducible background estimated from data. The gray band represents the systematic uncertainties in the predictions, which includes systematic uncertainties associated with trigger efficiency, lepton efficiencies, jet energy correction and jet energy resolution, pileup, luminosity, Monte Carlo generator choice, $ gg \to ZZ $ cross section, and reducible background. Overflow is included in the last bin of the distributions. |
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Figure 1-b:
Distribution of the number of jets with $ p_{\mathrm{T}} > $ 30 GeV (left) and of $ m_{\mathrm{Z}\mathrm{Z}} $ (right) for ZZ + jets events with 60 $ < m_{\mathrm{Z}_1, \mathrm{Z}_2} < $ 120 GeV for the combined 4e, 4$ \mu $, and 2e2$ \mu $ decay channels. Points represent the data, vertical bars the statistical uncertainties, and shaded histograms represent the expected standard model predictions and reducible background estimated from data. The gray band represents the systematic uncertainties in the predictions, which includes systematic uncertainties associated with trigger efficiency, lepton efficiencies, jet energy correction and jet energy resolution, pileup, luminosity, Monte Carlo generator choice, $ gg \to ZZ $ cross section, and reducible background. Overflow is included in the last bin of the distributions. |
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Figure 2:
Distribution of the $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ of the highest-$ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ jet (top left) in events with at least one jet, the $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ of the second-highest-$ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ jet (top right) in events containing at least two jets. The $ |\eta| $ of the highest-$ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ (bottom left) and second-highest-$ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ (bottom right) jets. Events with 60 $ < m_{\mathrm{Z}_1, \mathrm{Z}_2} < $ 120 GeV requirement. Other details as in the caption of Fig. 1. |
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Figure 2-a:
Distribution of the $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ of the highest-$ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ jet (top left) in events with at least one jet, the $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ of the second-highest-$ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ jet (top right) in events containing at least two jets. The $ |\eta| $ of the highest-$ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ (bottom left) and second-highest-$ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ (bottom right) jets. Events with 60 $ < m_{\mathrm{Z}_1, \mathrm{Z}_2} < $ 120 GeV requirement. Other details as in the caption of Fig. 1. |
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Figure 2-b:
Distribution of the $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ of the highest-$ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ jet (top left) in events with at least one jet, the $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ of the second-highest-$ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ jet (top right) in events containing at least two jets. The $ |\eta| $ of the highest-$ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ (bottom left) and second-highest-$ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ (bottom right) jets. Events with 60 $ < m_{\mathrm{Z}_1, \mathrm{Z}_2} < $ 120 GeV requirement. Other details as in the caption of Fig. 1. |
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Figure 2-c:
Distribution of the $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ of the highest-$ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ jet (top left) in events with at least one jet, the $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ of the second-highest-$ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ jet (top right) in events containing at least two jets. The $ |\eta| $ of the highest-$ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ (bottom left) and second-highest-$ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ (bottom right) jets. Events with 60 $ < m_{\mathrm{Z}_1, \mathrm{Z}_2} < $ 120 GeV requirement. Other details as in the caption of Fig. 1. |
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Figure 2-d:
Distribution of the $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ of the highest-$ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ jet (top left) in events with at least one jet, the $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ of the second-highest-$ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ jet (top right) in events containing at least two jets. The $ |\eta| $ of the highest-$ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ (bottom left) and second-highest-$ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ (bottom right) jets. Events with 60 $ < m_{\mathrm{Z}_1, \mathrm{Z}_2} < $ 120 GeV requirement. Other details as in the caption of Fig. 1. |
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Figure 3:
The dijet mass (left) and $ |\Delta \eta | $ (right) between highest-$ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ jets in events with at least two jets. Events with 60 $ < m_{\mathrm{Z}_1, \mathrm{Z}_2} < $ 120 GeV requirement. Other details as in the caption of Fig. 1. |
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Figure 3-a:
The dijet mass (left) and $ |\Delta \eta | $ (right) between highest-$ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ jets in events with at least two jets. Events with 60 $ < m_{\mathrm{Z}_1, \mathrm{Z}_2} < $ 120 GeV requirement. Other details as in the caption of Fig. 1. |
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Figure 3-b:
The dijet mass (left) and $ |\Delta \eta | $ (right) between highest-$ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ jets in events with at least two jets. Events with 60 $ < m_{\mathrm{Z}_1, \mathrm{Z}_2} < $ 120 GeV requirement. Other details as in the caption of Fig. 1. |
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Figure 4:
The $ m_{4\ell} $ distributions for events with 60 $ < m_{\mathrm{Z}_1, \mathrm{Z}_2} < $ 120 GeV and different number of jets. Other details as in the caption of Fig. 1. |
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Figure 4-a:
The $ m_{4\ell} $ distributions for events with 60 $ < m_{\mathrm{Z}_1, \mathrm{Z}_2} < $ 120 GeV and different number of jets. Other details as in the caption of Fig. 1. |
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Figure 4-b:
The $ m_{4\ell} $ distributions for events with 60 $ < m_{\mathrm{Z}_1, \mathrm{Z}_2} < $ 120 GeV and different number of jets. Other details as in the caption of Fig. 1. |
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Figure 4-c:
The $ m_{4\ell} $ distributions for events with 60 $ < m_{\mathrm{Z}_1, \mathrm{Z}_2} < $ 120 GeV and different number of jets. Other details as in the caption of Fig. 1. |
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Figure 4-d:
The $ m_{4\ell} $ distributions for events with 60 $ < m_{\mathrm{Z}_1, \mathrm{Z}_2} < $ 120 GeV and different number of jets. Other details as in the caption of Fig. 1. |
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Figure 4-e:
The $ m_{4\ell} $ distributions for events with 60 $ < m_{\mathrm{Z}_1, \mathrm{Z}_2} < $ 120 GeV and different number of jets. Other details as in the caption of Fig. 1. |
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Figure 5:
The $ m_{4\ell} $ distributions in the full available four-lepton invariant mass range for events with different number of jets, normalized by bin width. Other details as in the caption of Fig. 1. |
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Figure 5-a:
The $ m_{4\ell} $ distributions in the full available four-lepton invariant mass range for events with different number of jets, normalized by bin width. Other details as in the caption of Fig. 1. |
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Figure 5-b:
The $ m_{4\ell} $ distributions in the full available four-lepton invariant mass range for events with different number of jets, normalized by bin width. Other details as in the caption of Fig. 1. |
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Figure 5-c:
The $ m_{4\ell} $ distributions in the full available four-lepton invariant mass range for events with different number of jets, normalized by bin width. Other details as in the caption of Fig. 1. |
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Figure 5-d:
The $ m_{4\ell} $ distributions in the full available four-lepton invariant mass range for events with different number of jets, normalized by bin width. Other details as in the caption of Fig. 1. |
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Figure 5-e:
The $ m_{4\ell} $ distributions in the full available four-lepton invariant mass range for events with different number of jets, normalized by bin width. Other details as in the caption of Fig. 1. |
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Figure 5-f:
The $ m_{4\ell} $ distributions in the full available four-lepton invariant mass range for events with different number of jets, normalized by bin width. Other details as in the caption of Fig. 1. |
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Figure 6:
Differential cross sections normalized to the fiducial cross section as a function of (left) the $ m_{4\ell} $, (right) the number of jets with $ p_{\mathrm{T}} > $ 30 GeV in the events. The on-shell Z requirement 60 $ < m_{\mathrm{Z}_1, \mathrm{Z}_2} < $ 120 GeV is applied. Points represent the unfolded data, the solid histograms the (MadGraph5_aMC@NLO $ \mathrm{q}\overline{\mathrm{q}} \to \mathrm{Z}\mathrm{Z} $)+(MCFM $\mathrm{G}\mathrm{G} \to \mathrm{Z}\mathrm{Z}$)+( POWHEG $ \mathrm{H} \to \mathrm{Z}\mathrm{Z} $) predictions, and red dashed histograms the (POWHEG $ \mathrm{q}\overline{\mathrm{q}} \to \mathrm{Z}\mathrm{Z} $)+(MCFM $ \mathrm{g}\mathrm{g} \to \mathrm{Z}\mathrm{Z} $)+(POWHEG $ \mathrm{H} \to \mathrm{Z}\mathrm{Z} $) predictions. MadGraph EW ZZ predictions are included in these two sets of predictions. The purple dashed histograms represent the nNNLO+PS predictions, and the yellow dashed histogram represents the nNNLO+PS prediction with EW corrections applied. Vertical bars on both MC predictions represent the statistical uncertainties. The lower panels show the ratio of the measured to the predicted cross sections. The shaded areas represent the full uncertainties calculated as the sum in quadrature of the statistical and systematic uncertainties, while the crosses represent the statistical uncertainties only. Overflow is included in the last bin of the distributions. |
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Figure 6-a:
Differential cross sections normalized to the fiducial cross section as a function of (left) the $ m_{4\ell} $, (right) the number of jets with $ p_{\mathrm{T}} > $ 30 GeV in the events. The on-shell Z requirement 60 $ < m_{\mathrm{Z}_1, \mathrm{Z}_2} < $ 120 GeV is applied. Points represent the unfolded data, the solid histograms the (MadGraph5_aMC@NLO $ \mathrm{q}\overline{\mathrm{q}} \to \mathrm{Z}\mathrm{Z} $)+(MCFM $\mathrm{G}\mathrm{G} \to \mathrm{Z}\mathrm{Z}$)+( POWHEG $ \mathrm{H} \to \mathrm{Z}\mathrm{Z} $) predictions, and red dashed histograms the (POWHEG $ \mathrm{q}\overline{\mathrm{q}} \to \mathrm{Z}\mathrm{Z} $)+(MCFM $ \mathrm{g}\mathrm{g} \to \mathrm{Z}\mathrm{Z} $)+(POWHEG $ \mathrm{H} \to \mathrm{Z}\mathrm{Z} $) predictions. MadGraph EW ZZ predictions are included in these two sets of predictions. The purple dashed histograms represent the nNNLO+PS predictions, and the yellow dashed histogram represents the nNNLO+PS prediction with EW corrections applied. Vertical bars on both MC predictions represent the statistical uncertainties. The lower panels show the ratio of the measured to the predicted cross sections. The shaded areas represent the full uncertainties calculated as the sum in quadrature of the statistical and systematic uncertainties, while the crosses represent the statistical uncertainties only. Overflow is included in the last bin of the distributions. |
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Figure 6-b:
Differential cross sections normalized to the fiducial cross section as a function of (left) the $ m_{4\ell} $, (right) the number of jets with $ p_{\mathrm{T}} > $ 30 GeV in the events. The on-shell Z requirement 60 $ < m_{\mathrm{Z}_1, \mathrm{Z}_2} < $ 120 GeV is applied. Points represent the unfolded data, the solid histograms the (MadGraph5_aMC@NLO $ \mathrm{q}\overline{\mathrm{q}} \to \mathrm{Z}\mathrm{Z} $)+(MCFM $\mathrm{G}\mathrm{G} \to \mathrm{Z}\mathrm{Z}$)+( POWHEG $ \mathrm{H} \to \mathrm{Z}\mathrm{Z} $) predictions, and red dashed histograms the (POWHEG $ \mathrm{q}\overline{\mathrm{q}} \to \mathrm{Z}\mathrm{Z} $)+(MCFM $ \mathrm{g}\mathrm{g} \to \mathrm{Z}\mathrm{Z} $)+(POWHEG $ \mathrm{H} \to \mathrm{Z}\mathrm{Z} $) predictions. MadGraph EW ZZ predictions are included in these two sets of predictions. The purple dashed histograms represent the nNNLO+PS predictions, and the yellow dashed histogram represents the nNNLO+PS prediction with EW corrections applied. Vertical bars on both MC predictions represent the statistical uncertainties. The lower panels show the ratio of the measured to the predicted cross sections. The shaded areas represent the full uncertainties calculated as the sum in quadrature of the statistical and systematic uncertainties, while the crosses represent the statistical uncertainties only. Overflow is included in the last bin of the distributions. |
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Figure 7:
Differential cross sections normalized to the fiducial cross section as a function of $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ and $ |\eta| $ of the highest- and the second-highest-$ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ jet in events containing at least one or two jets, respectively. The on-shell Z requirement 60 $ < m_{\mathrm{Z}_1, \mathrm{Z}_2} < $ 120 GeV is applied. Other details as in the caption of Fig. 6. |
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Figure 7-a:
Differential cross sections normalized to the fiducial cross section as a function of $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ and $ |\eta| $ of the highest- and the second-highest-$ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ jet in events containing at least one or two jets, respectively. The on-shell Z requirement 60 $ < m_{\mathrm{Z}_1, \mathrm{Z}_2} < $ 120 GeV is applied. Other details as in the caption of Fig. 6. |
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Figure 7-b:
Differential cross sections normalized to the fiducial cross section as a function of $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ and $ |\eta| $ of the highest- and the second-highest-$ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ jet in events containing at least one or two jets, respectively. The on-shell Z requirement 60 $ < m_{\mathrm{Z}_1, \mathrm{Z}_2} < $ 120 GeV is applied. Other details as in the caption of Fig. 6. |
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Figure 7-c:
Differential cross sections normalized to the fiducial cross section as a function of $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ and $ |\eta| $ of the highest- and the second-highest-$ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ jet in events containing at least one or two jets, respectively. The on-shell Z requirement 60 $ < m_{\mathrm{Z}_1, \mathrm{Z}_2} < $ 120 GeV is applied. Other details as in the caption of Fig. 6. |
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Figure 7-d:
Differential cross sections normalized to the fiducial cross section as a function of $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ and $ |\eta| $ of the highest- and the second-highest-$ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ jet in events containing at least one or two jets, respectively. The on-shell Z requirement 60 $ < m_{\mathrm{Z}_1, \mathrm{Z}_2} < $ 120 GeV is applied. Other details as in the caption of Fig. 6. |
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Figure 8:
Differential cross sections normalized to the fiducial cross section as a function of (left) $ | \Delta \eta | $ and (right) dijet mass between highest-$ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ jets in events with at least two jets. Events with 60 $ < m_{\mathrm{Z}_1, \mathrm{Z}_2} < $ 120 GeV requirement. Other details as in the caption of Fig. 6. |
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Figure 8-a:
Differential cross sections normalized to the fiducial cross section as a function of (left) $ | \Delta \eta | $ and (right) dijet mass between highest-$ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ jets in events with at least two jets. Events with 60 $ < m_{\mathrm{Z}_1, \mathrm{Z}_2} < $ 120 GeV requirement. Other details as in the caption of Fig. 6. |
png |
Figure 8-b:
Differential cross sections normalized to the fiducial cross section as a function of (left) $ | \Delta \eta | $ and (right) dijet mass between highest-$ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ jets in events with at least two jets. Events with 60 $ < m_{\mathrm{Z}_1, \mathrm{Z}_2} < $ 120 GeV requirement. Other details as in the caption of Fig. 6. |
png pdf |
Figure 9:
Differential cross sections normalized to the fiducial cross section as a function of $ m_{4\ell} $ for the full available four-lepton invariant mass range. Other details as in the caption of Fig. 6. |
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Figure 10:
Differential cross sections normalized to the fiducial cross section as a function of $ m_{4l} $ for 60 $ < m_{\mathrm{Z}_1, \mathrm{Z}_2} < $ 120 GeV and for different number of jets. Other details as in the Fig. 6 caption. |
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Figure 10-a:
Differential cross sections normalized to the fiducial cross section as a function of $ m_{4l} $ for 60 $ < m_{\mathrm{Z}_1, \mathrm{Z}_2} < $ 120 GeV and for different number of jets. Other details as in the Fig. 6 caption. |
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Figure 10-b:
Differential cross sections normalized to the fiducial cross section as a function of $ m_{4l} $ for 60 $ < m_{\mathrm{Z}_1, \mathrm{Z}_2} < $ 120 GeV and for different number of jets. Other details as in the Fig. 6 caption. |
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Figure 10-c:
Differential cross sections normalized to the fiducial cross section as a function of $ m_{4l} $ for 60 $ < m_{\mathrm{Z}_1, \mathrm{Z}_2} < $ 120 GeV and for different number of jets. Other details as in the Fig. 6 caption. |
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Figure 10-d:
Differential cross sections normalized to the fiducial cross section as a function of $ m_{4l} $ for 60 $ < m_{\mathrm{Z}_1, \mathrm{Z}_2} < $ 120 GeV and for different number of jets. Other details as in the Fig. 6 caption. |
png pdf |
Figure 11:
Differential cross sections normalized to the fiducial cross section as a function of $ m_{4l} $ for the full available four-lepton invariant mass range and different number of jets. Other details as in the Fig. 6 caption. |
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Figure 11-a:
Differential cross sections normalized to the fiducial cross section as a function of $ m_{4l} $ for the full available four-lepton invariant mass range and different number of jets. Other details as in the Fig. 6 caption. |
png |
Figure 11-b:
Differential cross sections normalized to the fiducial cross section as a function of $ m_{4l} $ for the full available four-lepton invariant mass range and different number of jets. Other details as in the Fig. 6 caption. |
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Figure 11-c:
Differential cross sections normalized to the fiducial cross section as a function of $ m_{4l} $ for the full available four-lepton invariant mass range and different number of jets. Other details as in the Fig. 6 caption. |
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Figure 11-d:
Differential cross sections normalized to the fiducial cross section as a function of $ m_{4l} $ for the full available four-lepton invariant mass range and different number of jets. Other details as in the Fig. 6 caption. |
| Tables | |
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Table 1:
The contributions of each source of systematic uncertainty in the normalized differential cross sections measurements of jet variables. Uncertainties depend on the distributions and are listed as a range. |
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Table 2:
The contributions of each source of systematic uncertainty in the normalized differential cross sections measurements as a function of $ m_{4\ell} $ with jet multiplicity from 0 to 3 and more in events satisfying 60 $ < m_{\mathrm{Z}_1, \mathrm{Z}_2} < $ 120 GeV. |
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Table 3:
The contributions of each source of systematic uncertainty in the normalized differential cross sections measurements as a function of $ m_{4\ell} $ with jet multiplicity from 0 to 3 and more in events with $ \mathrm{Z}_1$, $\mathrm{Z}_2 $ in the full available four-lepton invariant mass range. |
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Table 4:
The observed and expected yields of Run2 ZZ events in different mass ranges, and estimated yields of background events, shown for each final state and the total. The statistical (first) and systematic (second) uncertainties are presented. |
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Table 5:
The observed and expected yields of Run2 ZZ events in different mass ranges, and estimated yields of background events, shown for each jet multiplicity. The statistical (first) and systematic (second) uncertainties are presented. |
| Summary |
| The four-lepton production in proton-proton collisions, $ \textrm{pp} \to (\textrm{Z}/\gamma^*)(\textrm{Z}/\gamma^*) \to 2\ell2\ell' $, where $ \ell,\ell' =$ e or $ \mu $, in association with jets was studied at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 138 fb$ ^{-1} $ collected by the CMS detector at the LHC during 2016--2018. Differential distributions and normalized differential cross sections were measured with respect to various kinematic variables: number of jets, jets transverse momentum and pseudorapidity, invariant mass of dijet system and pseudorapidity difference of the highest-$ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ and second-highest-$ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ jets, invariant mass of the four leptons with different jet multiplicities in the events. The theoretical predictions in general agree with the data, but in some regions significant discrepancies between predicted and measured values were observed. The nNNLO+PS prediction describes the distribution of jet multiplicities better than MadGraph5_aMC@NLO and POWHEG, and the inclusion of EW corrections improves the description of the $ m_{4\ell} $ distribution. Further improvement of the predictions is required to describe the ZZ+jet production in the whole phase space. |
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