Physical Units

Throughout the computations MAD uses international units, as defined by SI (Système International).

Table 1.1: Physical Units

quantity	dimension
Length	m (metres)
Angle	rad (radians)
Quadrupole coefficient	$\mathrm{m}^{-2}$
Multipole coefficient, 2n poles	$\mathrm{m}^{-n}$
Electric voltage	MV (Megavolts)
Electric field strength	MV/m
Frequency	MHz (Megahertz)
Phase angles	$2\pi$
Particle energy	GeV
Particle mass	GeV/$c^2$
Particle momentum	GeV/c
Beam current	A (Amperes)
Particle charge	e (elementary charges)
Impedances	M$\Omega$ (Megohms)
Emittances	$\pi$ m mrad
RF power	MW (Megawatts)
Higher mode loss factor	V/pc