next up previous contents index
Next: Reference System for Bending Up: Local Reference Systems Previous: Local Reference Systems   Contents   Index


Reference System for Straight Beam Elements

In straight elements the local reference system is simply translated by the length of the element along the local $s$-axis. This is true for The corresponding $R$, $S$ are

\begin{displaymath} R=\left(\begin{array}{c} 0 \\ 0 \\ L \end{array}\right... ...& 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 1 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 1 \\ \end{array}\right). \end{displaymath}

A rotation of the element about the $S$-axis has no effect on $R$ and $S$, since the rotations of the reference system before and after the element cancel.

Figure 1.3: Reference System for Straight Beam Elements
\begin{figure} \begin{center} \setlength {\unitlength}{1pt} \begin{picture}(40... ...1,0){50}} \put(200,10){\makebox(0,0){L}} \end{picture} \end{center}\end{figure}


MAD User Guide, http://wwwslap.cern.ch/mad/