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| CMS-PAS-EXO-16-010 | ||
| Search for dark matter and unparticles in events with a Z boson and missing transverse momentum in proton-proton collisions at $ \sqrt{s} = $ 13 TeV | ||
| CMS Collaboration | ||
| August 2016 | ||
| Abstract: A search for evidence of dark matter (DM) and unparticle production at the LHC has been performed using events containing two charged leptons, consistent with the decay of a Z boson, and large missing transverse momentum. This study is based on data collected with the CMS detector corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2.3 fb$^{-1}$ of pp collisions at the LHC at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. No excess over the standard model expectation is observed. The results are interpreted in terms of a simplified model of DM production. For both vector and axial vector couplings between a mediator and DM particles, 95% confidence level limits are set on the observed signal strength in the plane of mediator and DM particle mass. Additionally, 90% confidence level limits are set on the DM-nucleon scattering cross section, as a function of the DM particle mass, for both spin-dependent and spin-independent coupling scenarios. In the context of an effective field theory, 95% confidence level limits are set on the DM coupling parameters to U(1) and SU(2) gauge fields and on the scale of new physics. Additionally, 95% confidence level limits are obtained on the unparticle model parameters. | ||
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Links:
CDS record (PDF) ;
inSPIRE record ;
CADI line (restricted) ;
These preliminary results are superseded in this paper, JHEP 03 (2017) 061 [Erratum: JHEP 09 (2017) 106]. The superseded preliminary plots can be found here. |
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| Figures | |
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Figure 1-a:
Feynman diagrams for production of DM pairs ($\chi \bar{\chi }$) in association with a Z boson. a: the simplified model containing a vector mediator A. b: an EFT benchmark model with DM pair coupling to gauge bosons via dimension-7 operators. |
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Figure 1-b:
Feynman diagrams for production of DM pairs ($\chi \bar{\chi }$) in association with a Z boson. a: the simplified model containing a vector mediator A. b: an EFT benchmark model with DM pair coupling to gauge bosons via dimension-7 operators. |
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Figure 2:
Feynman diagram for unparticle (denoted by $\mathcal U$) production in association with a Z boson. The hatched circle indicates the interaction modeled with an effective field theory operator. |
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Figure 3-a:
The distribution in ${E_{\mathrm {T}}^{\text {miss}}}$ at the generator level, for simplified DM model with vector coupling (a), EFT DM model (b), and unparticle scenarios. The DM curves are shown for different values of the vector mediator mass $M_{\rm med}$ in the left pane and for different values of the DM mass $m_\chi $ in the right pane (note the different binning due to a much broader shape). The unparticle curves have the scalar unparticle coupling $\lambda $ between unparticle and SM fields set to 1, with the scaling dimension $d_\mathcal {U}$ ranging from 1.06 to 2.2. The SM background $ { {\mathrm {Z}}} { {\mathrm {Z}}} \to \ell ^{-}\ell ^{+} {\nu } {\overline {\nu }} $ is shown as a red solid histogram. |
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Figure 3-b:
The distribution in ${E_{\mathrm {T}}^{\text {miss}}}$ at the generator level, for simplified DM model with vector coupling (a), EFT DM model (b), and unparticle scenarios. The DM curves are shown for different values of the vector mediator mass $M_{\rm med}$ in the left pane and for different values of the DM mass $m_\chi $ in the right pane (note the different binning due to a much broader shape). The unparticle curves have the scalar unparticle coupling $\lambda $ between unparticle and SM fields set to 1, with the scaling dimension $d_\mathcal {U}$ ranging from 1.06 to 2.2. The SM background $ { {\mathrm {Z}}} { {\mathrm {Z}}} \to \ell ^{-}\ell ^{+} {\nu } {\overline {\nu }} $ is shown as a red solid histogram. |
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Figure 3-c:
The distribution in ${E_{\mathrm {T}}^{\text {miss}}}$ at the generator level, for simplified DM model with vector coupling (a), EFT DM model (b), and unparticle scenarios. The DM curves are shown for different values of the vector mediator mass $M_{\rm med}$ in the left pane and for different values of the DM mass $m_\chi $ in the right pane (note the different binning due to a much broader shape). The unparticle curves have the scalar unparticle coupling $\lambda $ between unparticle and SM fields set to 1, with the scaling dimension $d_\mathcal {U}$ ranging from 1.06 to 2.2. The SM background $ { {\mathrm {Z}}} { {\mathrm {Z}}} \to \ell ^{-}\ell ^{+} {\nu } {\overline {\nu }} $ is shown as a red solid histogram. |
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Figure 4-a:
The distribution of ${E_{\mathrm {T}}^{\text {miss}}}$ after preselection for the $ { {\mathrm {Z}}} \to {\mathrm {e}^+} {\mathrm {e}^-}$ (a) and $ { {\mathrm {Z}}} \to {{\mu ^+}} {{\mu ^-}}$ (b) channels. Expected signal distributions are shown for the simplified model of DM production with vector couplings, the EFT scenario of DM production, and unparticles. The shown SM expectation is based on simulation only. The total statistical uncertainty in the overall background prediction is shown as a hatched region. Overflow events are included in the rightmost bins. In the bottom panels, the ratio between data and predicted background is shown. |
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Figure 4-b:
The distribution of ${E_{\mathrm {T}}^{\text {miss}}}$ after preselection for the $ { {\mathrm {Z}}} \to {\mathrm {e}^+} {\mathrm {e}^-}$ (a) and $ { {\mathrm {Z}}} \to {{\mu ^+}} {{\mu ^-}}$ (b) channels. Expected signal distributions are shown for the simplified model of DM production with vector couplings, the EFT scenario of DM production, and unparticles. The shown SM expectation is based on simulation only. The total statistical uncertainty in the overall background prediction is shown as a hatched region. Overflow events are included in the rightmost bins. In the bottom panels, the ratio between data and predicted background is shown. |
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Figure 5-a:
Distributions of the ${E_{\mathrm {T}}^{\text {miss}}}$ for the final selection in the $ {\mathrm {e}^+} {\mathrm {e}^-}$ (a) and $ {{\mu ^+}} {{\mu ^-}}$ (b) channels. Expected signal distributions are shown for the simplified model of DM production with vector couplings, the EFT scenario of DM production, and unparticles. The statistical uncertainty in the overall background is shown as a hatched region. Overflow events are included in the rightmost bins. In the bottom panels, the ratio between data and predicted background is shown. |
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Figure 5-b:
Distributions of the ${E_{\mathrm {T}}^{\text {miss}}}$ for the final selection in the $ {\mathrm {e}^+} {\mathrm {e}^-}$ (a) and $ {{\mu ^+}} {{\mu ^-}}$ (b) channels. Expected signal distributions are shown for the simplified model of DM production with vector couplings, the EFT scenario of DM production, and unparticles. The statistical uncertainty in the overall background is shown as a hatched region. Overflow events are included in the rightmost bins. In the bottom panels, the ratio between data and predicted background is shown. |
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Figure 6-a:
The 95%CL observed limits on the signal strength $\sigma _{\rm obs}/\sigma _{\rm theo}$ in both vector (a,b) and axial-vector (c,d) mediator scenarios, for mediator-quark coupling constant values $g_{\rm q} =$ 0.25 (a,b) and $1$ (c,d). In all cases, the DM-mediator coupling $g_{\chi }$ is set to one. The expected exclusion curves for unity signal strength are shown as a reference. The red dashed lines show the influence of theory-related signal normalization uncertainties on the observed limits, which are estimated to be 15%. |
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Figure 6-b:
The 95%CL observed limits on the signal strength $\sigma _{\rm obs}/\sigma _{\rm theo}$ in both vector (a,b) and axial-vector (c,d) mediator scenarios, for mediator-quark coupling constant values $g_{\rm q} =$ 0.25 (a,b) and $1$ (c,d). In all cases, the DM-mediator coupling $g_{\chi }$ is set to one. The expected exclusion curves for unity signal strength are shown as a reference. The red dashed lines show the influence of theory-related signal normalization uncertainties on the observed limits, which are estimated to be 15%. |
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Figure 6-c:
The 95%CL observed limits on the signal strength $\sigma _{\rm obs}/\sigma _{\rm theo}$ in both vector (a,b) and axial-vector (c,d) mediator scenarios, for mediator-quark coupling constant values $g_{\rm q} =$ 0.25 (a,b) and $1$ (c,d). In all cases, the DM-mediator coupling $g_{\chi }$ is set to one. The expected exclusion curves for unity signal strength are shown as a reference. The red dashed lines show the influence of theory-related signal normalization uncertainties on the observed limits, which are estimated to be 15%. |
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Figure 6-d:
The 95%CL observed limits on the signal strength $\sigma _{\rm obs}/\sigma _{\rm theo}$ in both vector (a,b) and axial-vector (c,d) mediator scenarios, for mediator-quark coupling constant values $g_{\rm q} =$ 0.25 (a,b) and $1$ (c,d). In all cases, the DM-mediator coupling $g_{\chi }$ is set to one. The expected exclusion curves for unity signal strength are shown as a reference. The red dashed lines show the influence of theory-related signal normalization uncertainties on the observed limits, which are estimated to be 15%. |
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Figure 7-a:
Observed 90% CL limits on the DM-nucleon scattering cross sections in both spin-independent (a) and spin-dependent (b) cases, assuming a mediator-quark coupling constant $g_{\rm q} =$ 0.25 and mediator-DM coupling constant $g_{\chi } =$ 1. Limits from the LUX [68], CDMSLite [69], PandaX-II [70], and CRESST-II [71] experiments are shown for the spin-independent case. Limits from the Super-Kamiokande [72], PICO-2L [73], PICO-60 [74], and IceCube [75] experiments are shown for the spin-dependent case. |
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Figure 7-b:
Observed 90% CL limits on the DM-nucleon scattering cross sections in both spin-independent (a) and spin-dependent (b) cases, assuming a mediator-quark coupling constant $g_{\rm q} =$ 0.25 and mediator-DM coupling constant $g_{\chi } =$ 1. Limits from the LUX [68], CDMSLite [69], PandaX-II [70], and CRESST-II [71] experiments are shown for the spin-independent case. Limits from the Super-Kamiokande [72], PICO-2L [73], PICO-60 [74], and IceCube [75] experiments are shown for the spin-dependent case. |
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Figure 8:
The 95%CL expected and observed limits on the cutoff scale $\Lambda $ as a function of DM mass $m_\chi $. |
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Figure 9-a:
The 95%CL observed limits on the cutoff scale $\Lambda $ (a) and signal strength $\sigma ^{\rm obs}/\sigma ^{\rm th}$ (b) as a function of coupling $c_1$ and DM mass $m_\chi $. The expected exclusion curves for unity signal strength are shown as a reference. |
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Figure 9-b:
The 95%CL observed limits on the cutoff scale $\Lambda $ (a) and signal strength $\sigma ^{\rm obs}/\sigma ^{\rm th}$ (b) as a function of coupling $c_1$ and DM mass $m_\chi $. The expected exclusion curves for unity signal strength are shown as a reference. |
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Figure 10:
The 95% CL lower limits on unparticle effective cutoff scale $\Lambda _\mathcal {U}$ with a fixed coupling $\lambda =1$. The results from CMS monojet [3] and mono-Z [17] searches, as well as a reinterpretation of LEP searches [76] are shown for comparison. |
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Figure 11:
The model-independent upper limits at 95% CL on the visible cross section ($\sigma A \epsilon $) for BSM production of events, as a function of ${E_{\mathrm {T}}^{\text {miss}}}$ threshold. |
| Tables | |
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Table 1:
Summary of selections used in the analysis. |
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Table 2:
Summary of systematic uncertainties. Each background uncertainty represents the variation of the relative yields of the particular background components. The signal uncertainties represent the relative variations in the signal acceptance, and ranges quoted cover both signals of DM and unparticles with different DM masses or scaling dimensions. For shape uncertainties, the numbers correspond to the overall effect of the shape variation on the yield or acceptance. The symbol ``-- '' indicates that the systematic uncertainty is not applicable. The impact of the each group of systematic uncertainties is calculated by performing a maximum likelihood fit to obtain the signal strength with each parameter separately varied up and down within its uncertainty. The number given in the impact column is the relative change of the best fit signal strength that is introduced by the variation for a the simplified model signal scenario with a vector mediator of mass 200 GeV and DM of mass 50 GeV. |
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Table 3:
Signal predictions and background estimates for the final selection with $ {E_{\mathrm {T}}^{\text {miss}}} >$ 80 GeV. The DM signal yields from the simplified model are given for mass $m_\chi =$ 50 GeV and mediator masses $M_{\rm med} =$ 200 GeV for the vector and axial-vector coupling scenarios. For the EFT benchmark model with DM pair coupling to gauge bosons, the signal yields are given for $m_\chi =$ 1 GeV, cutoff scale $\Lambda =$ 300 GeV, and the couplings $c_1=c_2=$ 1. The corresponding statistical and systematic uncertainties are shown, in that order. |
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Table 4:
Total SM background predictions for the numbers of events passing the selection requirements, for different ${E_{\mathrm {T}}^{\text {miss}}}$ thresholds, compared with the observed numbers of events. The listed uncertainties include both statistical and systematic components. The 95% CL observed and expected upper limits for the contribution of events from BSM sources are also shown. The ${\pm }1\sigma $ and ${\pm }2\sigma $ excursions from expected limits are also given. |
| Summary |
| A search is performed with the final state of a Z boson plus missing transverse energy on a dataset corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2.3 fb$^{-1}$ of pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. The observed data are consistent with the expected SM backgrounds. The results are analyzed to obtain limits in three different scenarios of physics beyond the SM. In a simplified model of DM production via a vector or axial vector mediator, 95% CL limits are obtained on the masses of the DM particles and the mediator. Limits on the DM-nucleon scattering cross section are set at 90% CL in spin-dependent and spin-independent coupling scenarios. In an effective field theory model, limits are set on the DM coupling parameters to U(1) and SU(2) gauge fields and on the scale of new physics. For an unparticle model, 95% CL limits are obtained on the effective cutoff scale as a function of the scaling dimension. In addition, model-independent limits on the contribution to the visible Z+$E_{\mathrm{T}}^{\text{miss}}$ cross section from non-SM sources are presented as a function of the minimum requirement on $E_{\mathrm{T}}^{\text{miss}}$. |
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