| Name | Particle | Mass [MeV] | Charge |
|---|---|---|---|
ELECTRON |
e\<SUP\>-\</SUP\> | 0.51099907 | -1 |
POSITRON |
e\<SUP\>+\</SUP\> | 0.51099907 | +1 |
MU-MINUS |
\μ\<SUP\>-\</SUP\> | 105.658389 | -1 |
MU-PLUS |
\μ\<SUP\>+\</SUP\> | 105.658389 | +1 |
TAU-MINUS |
\τ\<SUP\>-\</SUP\> | 1777.00 | -1 |
TAU-PLUS |
\τ\<SUP\>+\</SUP\> | 1777.00 | +1 |
GAMMA |
photon | 0 | 0 |
PION-MINUS |
\π\<SUP\>-\</SUP\> | 139.56995 | -1 |
PION-0 |
\π\<SUP\>0\</SUP\> | 134.9764 | 0 |
PION-PLUS |
\π\<SUP\>+\</SUP\> | 139.56995 | +1 |
KAON-MINUS |
K\<SUP\>-\</SUP\> | 493.677 | -1 |
KAON-0 |
neutral K or anti-K | 497.672 | 0 |
KAON-PLUS |
K\<SUP\>+\</SUP\> | 493.677 | +1 |
PROTON |
proton (p) | 938.27231 | +1 |
ANTI-PROTON |
anti-proton (p-bar) | 938.27231 | -1 |
NEUTRON |
neutron (n) | 939.56563 | 0 |
ANTI-NEUTRON |
anti-neutron (n-bar) | 939.56563 | 0 |
Although some neutral particles are included in this list, their use is, with the exception of photons, not meaningful since these particles do not cause ionisation losses in the Heed model.
Additional information on:
The mass can either be a number, in which case it is assumed to be in MeV, or a number followed by a unit (eV, keV, MeV or GeV).
[Default: muon mass]
The charge of the particle should be in proton charges, i.e. an electron would have charge -1, a K+ would have +1.
Currently, only charges of +1 and -1 are accepted by Heed, but for SRIM purposes, all non-zero charges are permitted.
The Heed program is designed for GeV-energy charged particles, not for low energy particles which stop in the gas. For these, the SRIM program might be more suitable.
The kinetic energy Ekin is related to the energy E by the relation E\ =\ Ekin\ +\ m, where m is the mass of the particle. In high energy physics, it is usual to quote the energy E of a particle, not the kinetic energy.
The kinetic energy can either be a number, in which case it is assumed to be in MeV, or a number followed by a unit (eV, keV, MeV or GeV).
For reasons of numerical stability, Heed requires the kinetic energy of the particle to be larger than 10\<SUP\>-3\</SUP\> times the particle mass.
[Default: 1 GeV]
Keep in mind that multiple scattering will slow Heed down.
Track preparation is compatible with multiple scattering but such a combination is not meaningful since the drift path of electrons produced far from the prepared track has to be computed without interpolation.
[Multiple scattering is off by default.]
The DELTA-ELECTRONS option is compatible with track preparation, e.g. in the context of signal calculations, but the drift path of electrons produced far from the prepared track will be computed rather than interpolated.
Apart from this, there is no substantial gain in time by switching \δ-electrons off.
[\δ-Electrons are by default kept as they come out of Heed.]
When this option is switched on, they are traced from one collision to the next following the E and B field. Since this is a time consuming operation, you may wish to switch tracing off when studying only the cluster statistics.
\δ-Electrons are not traced either when the NODELTA-ELECTRONS option is specified.
[Tracing is on by default.]
The interface will, on demand by setting the ENERGY-CUT option, remove ionisation electrons after the primary particle has lost all its energy.
Bear in mind that simulations are inherently inaccurate if this option has an effect.
This option will occasionally lead to the loss of an ionisation electron when the primary particle is an ELECTRON.
[This option is off by default.]
This option sets the energy at which this switch-over takes place.
The energy is to be specified in MeV.
[Default: 0.1 MeV = 100 keV.]
Formatted on 21/01/18 at 16:55.