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| CMS-B2G-16-013 ; CERN-EP-2017-035 | ||
| Search for a heavy resonance decaying to a top quark and a vector-like top quark at $ \sqrt{s} = $ 13 TeV | ||
| CMS Collaboration | ||
| 18 March 2017 | ||
| JHEP 09 (2017) 053 | ||
| Abstract: A search is presented for massive spin-1 Z' resonances decaying to a top quark and a heavy vector-like top quark partner T. The search is based on a 2.6 fb$^{-1}$ sample of proton-proton collisions at 13 TeV collected with the CMS detector at the LHC. The analysis is optimized for final states in which the T quark decays to a W boson and a bottom quark. The focus is on all-jet final states in which both the W boson and the top quark decay into quarks that evolve into jets. The decay products of the top quark and of the W boson are assumed to be highly Lorentz-boosted and cannot be reconstructed as separate jets, but are instead reconstructed as merged, wide jets. Techniques for the identification of jet substructure and jet flavour are used to distinguish signal from background events. Several models for Z' bosons decaying to T quarks are excluded at 95% confidence level, with upper limits on the cross section ranging from 0.13 to 10 pb, depending on the chosen hypotheses. This is the first search for a neutral spin-1 heavy resonance decaying to a top quark and a vector-like T quark in the all-hadronic final state. | ||
| Links: e-print arXiv:1703.06352 [hep-ex] (PDF) ; CDS record ; inSPIRE record ; CADI line (restricted) ; | ||
| Figures | |
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Figure 1:
The leading order Feynman diagram showing the production mode of the Z' boson and its decay chain. |
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Figure 2:
Ratio of the number of events in the signal region to the number in the sideband region, as a function of the Z' mass, for simulated background QCD multijet events. The left (right) plot involves events with no (at least one) b-tagged subjet. The solid line shows a fit of a second-order polynomial function to the ratio. |
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Figure 2-a:
Ratio of the number of events in the signal region to the number in the sideband region, as a function of the Z' mass, for simulated background QCD multijet events. The plot involves events with no b-tagged subjet. The solid line shows a fit of a second-order polynomial function to the ratio. |
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Figure 2-b:
Ratio of the number of events in the signal region to the number in the sideband region, as a function of the Z' mass, for simulated background QCD multijet events. The plot involves events with at least one b-tagged subjet. The solid line shows a fit of a second-order polynomial function to the ratio. |
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Figure 3:
Distribution of the $m_{\mathrm{ Z }' }$ variable for the signal region with 1 b tag (upper plot) and 2 b tags (lower plot) prior to the fit. The yellow (lighter) distribution represents the multijet background estimated from data, the blue (darker) distribution is the estimated top quark background, and the black markers are the data. The gray bands represent the statistical and systematic uncertainties in the background estimates. The uncertainty $\sigma $ includes the statistical uncertainties in data and backgrounds, and the systematic uncertainties in the estimated backgrounds. The dashed lines represent the distributions for signal hypotheses as indicated in the legend. The signal distributions are each normalized to a cross section of 1 pb. Events lying outside the x-axis range are not considered. |
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Figure 3-a:
Distribution of the $m_{\mathrm{ Z }' }$ variable for the signal region with 1 b tag prior to the fit. The yellow (lighter) distribution represents the multijet background estimated from data, the blue (darker) distribution is the estimated top quark background, and the black markers are the data. The gray bands represent the statistical and systematic uncertainties in the background estimates. The uncertainty $\sigma $ includes the statistical uncertainties in data and backgrounds, and the systematic uncertainties in the estimated backgrounds. The dashed lines represent the distributions for signal hypotheses as indicated in the legend. The signal distributions are each normalized to a cross section of 1 pb. Events lying outside the x-axis range are not considered. |
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Figure 3-b:
Distribution of the $m_{\mathrm{ Z }' }$ variable for the signal region with 2 b tags prior to the fit. The yellow (lighter) distribution represents the multijet background estimated from data, the blue (darker) distribution is the estimated top quark background, and the black markers are the data. The gray bands represent the statistical and systematic uncertainties in the background estimates. The uncertainty $\sigma $ includes the statistical uncertainties in data and backgrounds, and the systematic uncertainties in the estimated backgrounds. The dashed lines represent the distributions for signal hypotheses as indicated in the legend. The signal distributions are each normalized to a cross section of 1 pb. Events lying outside the x-axis range are not considered. |
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Figure 4:
Distributions of the $m_{ {\mathrm {T}} }$ (upper plots) and $H_{ {\mathrm {T}} }$ (lower plots) variables for the 1 b tag (left) and 2 b tag (right) event categories prior to the fit. The gray bands represent the statistical and systematic uncertainties in the background estimates. The uncertainty $\sigma $ includes the statistical uncertainties in data and backgrounds, and the systematic uncertainties in the estimated backgrounds. The dashed lines represent the distributions for signal hypotheses as indicated in the legend. The signal distributions are each normalized to a cross section of 1 pb. Events lying outside the x-axis range are not considered. |
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Figure 4-a:
Distribution of the $m_{ {\mathrm {T}} }$ variable for the 1 b tag event category prior to the fit. The gray bands represent the statistical and systematic uncertainties in the background estimates. The uncertainty $\sigma $ includes the statistical uncertainties in data and backgrounds, and the systematic uncertainties in the estimated backgrounds. The dashed lines represent the distributions for signal hypotheses as indicated in the legend. The signal distribution is normalized to a cross section of 1 pb. Events lying outside the x-axis range are not considered. |
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Figure 4-b:
Distribution of the $m_{ {\mathrm {T}} }$ variable for the 2 b tag event category prior to the fit. The gray bands represent the statistical and systematic uncertainties in the background estimates. The uncertainty $\sigma $ includes the statistical uncertainties in data and backgrounds, and the systematic uncertainties in the estimated backgrounds. The dashed lines represent the distributions for signal hypotheses as indicated in the legend. The signal distribution is normalized to a cross section of 1 pb. Events lying outside the x-axis range are not considered. |
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Figure 4-c:
Distribution of the $H_{ {\mathrm {T}} }$ variable for the 1 b tag event category prior to the fit. The gray bands represent the statistical and systematic uncertainties in the background estimates. The uncertainty $\sigma $ includes the statistical uncertainties in data and backgrounds, and the systematic uncertainties in the estimated backgrounds. The dashed lines represent the distributions for signal hypotheses as indicated in the legend. The signal distribution is normalized to a cross section of 1 pb. Events lying outside the x-axis range are not considered. |
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Figure 4-d:
Distribution of the $H_{ {\mathrm {T}} }$ variable for the 2 b tag event category prior to the fit. The gray bands represent the statistical and systematic uncertainties in the background estimates. The uncertainty $\sigma $ includes the statistical uncertainties in data and backgrounds, and the systematic uncertainties in the estimated backgrounds. The dashed lines represent the distributions for signal hypotheses as indicated in the legend. The signal distribution is normalized to a cross section of 1 pb. Events lying outside the x-axis range are not considered. |
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Figure 5:
Expected cross section limits for $\mathrm{ Z }' \to {\mathrm {T}} \mathrm{ t } $ for different hypotheses for the Z' boson and T quark masses, and the branching fraction of the T quark decay into bW and tH channels, with $\mathcal {B}( {\mathrm {T}} \to \mathrm{ t } {\mathrm{ Z } } )=(1-\mathcal {B}( {\mathrm {T}} \to \mathrm{ b } \mathrm{ W }, \mathrm{ t } \mathrm{ H } ))$. |
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Figure 5-a:
Expected cross section limit for $\mathrm{ Z }' \to {\mathrm {T}} \mathrm{ t } $ for $m_{\mathrm{ Z }' } = $ 1.5 TeV and $m_{\mathrm{ T } } = $ 0.7 TeV, and the branching fraction of the T quark decay into bW and tH channels, with $\mathcal {B}( {\mathrm {T}} \to \mathrm{ t } {\mathrm{ Z } } )=(1-\mathcal {B}( {\mathrm {T}} \to \mathrm{ b } \mathrm{ W }, \mathrm{ t } \mathrm{ H } ))$. |
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Figure 5-b:
Expected cross section limit for $\mathrm{ Z }' \to {\mathrm {T}} \mathrm{ t } $ for $m_{\mathrm{ Z }' } = $ 1.5 TeV and $m_{\mathrm{ T } } = $ 0.9 TeV, and the branching fraction of the T quark decay into bW and tH channels, with $\mathcal {B}( {\mathrm {T}} \to \mathrm{ t } {\mathrm{ Z } } )=(1-\mathcal {B}( {\mathrm {T}} \to \mathrm{ b } \mathrm{ W }, \mathrm{ t } \mathrm{ H } ))$. |
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Figure 5-c:
Expected cross section limit for $\mathrm{ Z }' \to {\mathrm {T}} \mathrm{ t } $ for $m_{\mathrm{ Z }' } = $ 1.5 TeV and $m_{\mathrm{ T } } = $ 1.2 TeV, and the branching fraction of the T quark decay into bW and tH channels, with $\mathcal {B}( {\mathrm {T}} \to \mathrm{ t } {\mathrm{ Z } } )=(1-\mathcal {B}( {\mathrm {T}} \to \mathrm{ b } \mathrm{ W }, \mathrm{ t } \mathrm{ H } ))$. |
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Figure 5-d:
Expected cross section limit for $\mathrm{ Z }' \to {\mathrm {T}} \mathrm{ t } $ for $m_{\mathrm{ Z }' } = $ 2.0 TeV and $m_{\mathrm{ T } } = $ 0.9 TeV, and the branching fraction of the T quark decay into bW and tH channels, with $\mathcal {B}( {\mathrm {T}} \to \mathrm{ t } {\mathrm{ Z } } )=(1-\mathcal {B}( {\mathrm {T}} \to \mathrm{ b } \mathrm{ W }, \mathrm{ t } \mathrm{ H } ))$. |
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Figure 5-e:
Expected cross section limit for $\mathrm{ Z }' \to {\mathrm {T}} \mathrm{ t } $ for $m_{\mathrm{ Z }' } = $ 2.0 TeV and $m_{\mathrm{ T } } = $ 1.2 TeV, and the branching fraction of the T quark decay into bW and tH channels, with $\mathcal {B}( {\mathrm {T}} \to \mathrm{ t } {\mathrm{ Z } } )=(1-\mathcal {B}( {\mathrm {T}} \to \mathrm{ b } \mathrm{ W }, \mathrm{ t } \mathrm{ H } ))$. |
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Figure 5-f:
Expected cross section limit for $\mathrm{ Z }' \to {\mathrm {T}} \mathrm{ t } $ for $m_{\mathrm{ Z }' } = $ 2.0 TeV and $m_{\mathrm{ T } } = $ 1.5 TeV, and the branching fraction of the T quark decay into bW and tH channels, with $\mathcal {B}( {\mathrm {T}} \to \mathrm{ t } {\mathrm{ Z } } )=(1-\mathcal {B}( {\mathrm {T}} \to \mathrm{ b } \mathrm{ W }, \mathrm{ t } \mathrm{ H } ))$. |
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Figure 5-g:
Expected cross section limit for $\mathrm{ Z }' \to {\mathrm {T}} \mathrm{ t } $ for $m_{\mathrm{ Z }' } = $ 2.5 TeV and $m_{\mathrm{ T } } = $ 1.2 TeV, and the branching fraction of the T quark decay into bW and tH channels, with $\mathcal {B}( {\mathrm {T}} \to \mathrm{ t } {\mathrm{ Z } } )=(1-\mathcal {B}( {\mathrm {T}} \to \mathrm{ b } \mathrm{ W }, \mathrm{ t } \mathrm{ H } ))$. |
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Figure 5-h:
Expected cross section limit for $\mathrm{ Z }' \to {\mathrm {T}} \mathrm{ t } $ for $m_{\mathrm{ Z }' } = $ 2.5 TeV and $m_{\mathrm{ T } } = $ 1.5 TeV, and the branching fraction of the T quark decay into bW and tH channels, with $\mathcal {B}( {\mathrm {T}} \to \mathrm{ t } {\mathrm{ Z } } )=(1-\mathcal {B}( {\mathrm {T}} \to \mathrm{ b } \mathrm{ W }, \mathrm{ t } \mathrm{ H } ))$. |
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Figure 6:
Observed cross section limits for $\mathrm{ Z }' \to {\mathrm {T}} \mathrm{ t } $ for different hypotheses for the Z' boson and T quark masses, and the branching fraction of the T quark decay into bW and tH channels, with $\mathcal {B}( {\mathrm {T}} \to \mathrm{ t } {\mathrm{ Z } } )=(1-\mathcal {B}( {\mathrm {T}} \to \mathrm{ b } \mathrm{ W }, \mathrm{ t } \mathrm{ H } ))$. |
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Figure 6-a:
Observed cross section limits for $\mathrm{ Z }' \to {\mathrm {T}} \mathrm{ t } $ for $m_{\mathrm{ Z }' } = $ 1.5 TeV and $m_{\mathrm{ T } } = $ 0.7 TeV, and the branching fraction of the T quark decay into bW and tH channels, with $\mathcal {B}( {\mathrm {T}} \to \mathrm{ t } {\mathrm{ Z } } )=(1-\mathcal {B}( {\mathrm {T}} \to \mathrm{ b } \mathrm{ W }, \mathrm{ t } \mathrm{ H } ))$. |
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Figure 6-b:
Observed cross section limits for $\mathrm{ Z }' \to {\mathrm {T}} \mathrm{ t } $ for $m_{\mathrm{ Z }' } = $ 1.5 TeV and $m_{\mathrm{ T } } = $ 0.9 TeV, and the branching fraction of the T quark decay into bW and tH channels, with $\mathcal {B}( {\mathrm {T}} \to \mathrm{ t } {\mathrm{ Z } } )=(1-\mathcal {B}( {\mathrm {T}} \to \mathrm{ b } \mathrm{ W }, \mathrm{ t } \mathrm{ H } ))$. |
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Figure 6-c:
Observed cross section limits for $\mathrm{ Z }' \to {\mathrm {T}} \mathrm{ t } $ for $m_{\mathrm{ Z }' } = $ 1.5 TeV and $m_{\mathrm{ T } } = $ 1.2 TeV, and the branching fraction of the T quark decay into bW and tH channels, with $\mathcal {B}( {\mathrm {T}} \to \mathrm{ t } {\mathrm{ Z } } )=(1-\mathcal {B}( {\mathrm {T}} \to \mathrm{ b } \mathrm{ W }, \mathrm{ t } \mathrm{ H } ))$. |
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Figure 6-d:
Observed cross section limits for $\mathrm{ Z }' \to {\mathrm {T}} \mathrm{ t } $ for $m_{\mathrm{ Z }' } = $ 2.0 TeV and $m_{\mathrm{ T } } = $ 0.9 TeV, and the branching fraction of the T quark decay into bW and tH channels, with $\mathcal {B}( {\mathrm {T}} \to \mathrm{ t } {\mathrm{ Z } } )=(1-\mathcal {B}( {\mathrm {T}} \to \mathrm{ b } \mathrm{ W }, \mathrm{ t } \mathrm{ H } ))$. |
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Figure 6-e:
Observed cross section limits for $\mathrm{ Z }' \to {\mathrm {T}} \mathrm{ t } $ for $m_{\mathrm{ Z }' } = $ 2.0 TeV and $m_{\mathrm{ T } } = $ 1.2 TeV, and the branching fraction of the T quark decay into bW and tH channels, with $\mathcal {B}( {\mathrm {T}} \to \mathrm{ t } {\mathrm{ Z } } )=(1-\mathcal {B}( {\mathrm {T}} \to \mathrm{ b } \mathrm{ W }, \mathrm{ t } \mathrm{ H } ))$. |
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Figure 6-f:
Observed cross section limits for $\mathrm{ Z }' \to {\mathrm {T}} \mathrm{ t } $ for $m_{\mathrm{ Z }' } = $ 2.0 TeV and $m_{\mathrm{ T } } = $ 1.5 TeV, and the branching fraction of the T quark decay into bW and tH channels, with $\mathcal {B}( {\mathrm {T}} \to \mathrm{ t } {\mathrm{ Z } } )=(1-\mathcal {B}( {\mathrm {T}} \to \mathrm{ b } \mathrm{ W }, \mathrm{ t } \mathrm{ H } ))$. |
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Figure 6-g:
Observed cross section limits for $\mathrm{ Z }' \to {\mathrm {T}} \mathrm{ t } $ for $m_{\mathrm{ Z }' } = $ 2.5 TeV and $m_{\mathrm{ T } } = $ 1.2 TeV, and the branching fraction of the T quark decay into bW and tH channels, with $\mathcal {B}( {\mathrm {T}} \to \mathrm{ t } {\mathrm{ Z } } )=(1-\mathcal {B}( {\mathrm {T}} \to \mathrm{ b } \mathrm{ W }, \mathrm{ t } \mathrm{ H } ))$. |
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Figure 6-h:
Observed cross section limits for $\mathrm{ Z }' \to {\mathrm {T}} \mathrm{ t } $ for $m_{\mathrm{ Z }' } = $ 2.5 TeV and $m_{\mathrm{ T } } = $ 1.5 TeV, and the branching fraction of the T quark decay into bW and tH channels, with $\mathcal {B}( {\mathrm {T}} \to \mathrm{ t } {\mathrm{ Z } } )=(1-\mathcal {B}( {\mathrm {T}} \to \mathrm{ b } \mathrm{ W }, \mathrm{ t } \mathrm{ H } ))$. |
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Figure 7:
One-dimensional cross section limits at 95% CL as a function of the heavy vector resonance mass for $m_{ {\mathrm {T}} }= $ 1.2 TeV, assuming branching fractions of the T quark decay to the tH/tZ channels of 50/50% (left) or to the bW/tH/tZ channels of 50/25/25% (right). The solid line is the observed limit, the dotted line is the expected limit, shown with 68% (inner) and 95% (outer) uncertainty bands. In the left plot, the green thick line is the product of the cross section and branching fraction for a heavy spin-1 resonance $\rho ^0_L\to {\mathrm {T}} \mathrm{ t } $ in a composite Higgs boson model [24]. In the right plot, the blue thick line is the product of the cross section and branching fraction for a heavy gluon $\mathrm {G}^*\to {\mathrm {T}} \mathrm{ t } $ in a warped extra-dimension model [22]. The theoretical predictions are shown as dashed lines where the width of the resonance is larger than 10% of its mass. |
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Figure 7-a:
One-dimensional cross section limits at 95% CL as a function of the heavy vector resonance mass for $m_{ {\mathrm {T}} }=1.2 TeV $, assuming branching fractions of the T quark decay to the tH/tZ channels of 50/50%. The solid line is the observed limit, the dotted line is the expected limit, shown with 68% (inner) and 95% (outer) uncertainty bands. In the left plot, the green thick line is the product of the cross section and branching fraction for a heavy spin-1 resonance $\rho ^0_L\to {\mathrm {T}} \mathrm{ t } $ in a composite Higgs boson model [24]. In the right plot, the blue thick line is the product of the cross section and branching fraction for a heavy gluon $\mathrm {G}^*\to {\mathrm {T}} \mathrm{ t } $ in a warped extra-dimension model [22]. The theoretical predictions are shown as dashed lines where the width of the resonance is larger than 10% of its mass. |
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Figure 7-b:
One-dimensional cross section limits at 95% CL as a function of the heavy vector resonance mass for $m_{ {\mathrm {T}} }=1.2 TeV $, assuming branching fractions of the T quark decay to the bW/tH/tZ channels of 50/25/25%. The solid line is the observed limit, the dotted line is the expected limit, shown with 68% (inner) and 95% (outer) uncertainty bands. In the left plot, the green thick line is the product of the cross section and branching fraction for a heavy spin-1 resonance $\rho ^0_L\to {\mathrm {T}} \mathrm{ t } $ in a composite Higgs boson model [24]. In the right plot, the blue thick line is the product of the cross section and branching fraction for a heavy gluon $\mathrm {G}^*\to {\mathrm {T}} \mathrm{ t } $ in a warped extra-dimension model [22]. The theoretical predictions are shown as dashed lines where the width of the resonance is larger than 10% of its mass. |
| Tables | |
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Table 1:
Selection efficiencies for the signal in the categories used in the analysis. The quoted uncertainties are statistical. |
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Table 2:
Summary of the selection criteria for the event categories in the signal region (SR) and the sideband region (SB). |
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Table 3:
Number of events in the two signal categories of the analysis. The uncertainties include both statistical and systematic components. |
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Table 4:
Sources of systematic uncertainty, their impact on event rates, their type, and the processes for which they are relevant. |
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Table 5:
Expected and observed limits on the cross section to produce a Z' boson that decays to Tt at 95% CL for the $\mathrm {T}\to \mathrm {bW}$ (upper), $\mathrm {T}\to \mathrm {tH}$ (middle), and $\mathrm {T}\to \mathrm {tZ}$ (lower) signal hypotheses. |
| Summary |
|
A search for a massive spin-1 resonance decaying to a top quark and a vector-like T quark has been performed in the all-jets channel using $\sqrt{s} = $ 13 TeV proton-proton collision data collected by CMS at the LHC. The search uses jet-substructure techniques, involving top quark and W boson tagging algorithms, along with subjet b tagging. The top quark and W boson algorithms are based on the N-subjettiness variables and use the modified mass-drop algorithm to compute the jet mass. The multijet background is estimated in data through a sideband region that is adjusted through simulation-based correction factors. The top quark background is estimated using simulated events. No excess is observed in data beyond the standard model expectations, and upper limits are set on the production cross sections of hypothetical signals. The cross section limits are compared to the cross sections of a spin-1 resonance in a composite Higgs boson model and a Kaluza-Klein gluon in a warped extra-dimension model, for benchmark values of the model parameters, assuming a T quark mass of 1.2 TeV. Branching fractions of the T quark decay to the tH/tZ channels of 50/50% and to the bW/tH/tZ channels of 50/25/25% are assumed for models with a composite Higgs boson and with a warped extra-dimension, respectively. This search is not sensitive to the composite Higgs model [24] with the analyzed data. In the case of the model with a warped extra-dimension [22], the upper limit obtained on the cross section is just at the predicted level for $\mathrm{G}^*$ masses in the region of 1.8 TeV. Although limits are not placed on these particular models, more generally a Z' boson decaying to a top and a T quark is excluded at 95% confidence level, with upper limits on production cross sections ranging from 0.13 to 10 pb, depending on the hypotheses. This is the first search for a heavy spin-1 resonance decaying to a vector-like T quark and a top quark. |
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