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| CMS-EXO-16-047 ; CERN-EP-2018-027 | ||
| Search for high-mass resonances in dilepton final states in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s} = $ 13 TeV | ||
| CMS Collaboration | ||
| 16 March 2018 | ||
| JHEP 06 (2018) 120 | ||
| Abstract: A search is presented for new high-mass resonances decaying into electron or muon pairs. The search uses proton-proton collision data at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC in 2016, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 36 fb$^{-1}$. Observations are in agreement with standard model expectations. Upper limits on the product of a new resonance production cross section and branching fraction to dileptons are calculated in a model-independent manner. This permits the interpretation of the limits in models predicting a narrow dielectron or dimuon resonance. A scan of different intrinsic width hypotheses is performed. Limits are set on the masses of various hypothetical particles. For the $ \mathrm{Z}'_{\text{SSM}} $ ($\mathrm{Z}'_{\psi}$) particle, which arises in the sequential standard model (superstring-inspired model), a lower mass limit of 4.50 (3.90) TeV is set at 95% confidence level. The lightest Kaluza-Klein graviton arising in the Randall-Sundrum model of extra dimensions, with coupling parameters $k/\overline{M}_\mathrm{Pl}$ of 0.01, 0.05, and 0.10, is excluded at 95% confidence level below 2.10, 3.65, and 4.25 TeV, respectively. In a simplified model of dark matter production via a vector or axial vector mediator, limits at 95% confidence level are obtained on the masses of the dark matter particle and its mediator. | ||
| Links: e-print arXiv:1803.06292 [hep-ex] (PDF) ; CDS record ; inSPIRE record ; HepData record ; CADI line (restricted) ; | ||
| Figures | |
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Figure 1:
The invariant mass spectra of dielectron (left) and dimuon (right) events. The points with error bars represent the observed yield. The histograms represent the expectations from the SM processes. The bins have equal width in logarithmic scale so that the width in GeV becomes larger with increasing mass. Example signal shapes for a narrow resonance with a mass of 3 TeV are shown by the stacked open histograms. The uncertainty bands in the ratio plots represent the systematic uncertainty in the background yields. |
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Figure 1-a:
The invariant mass spectrum of dielectron events. The points with error bars represent the observed yield. The histograms represent the expectations from the SM processes. The bins have equal width in logarithmic scale so that the width in GeV becomes larger with increasing mass. Example signal shape for a narrow resonance with a mass of 3 TeV is shown by the stacked open histogram. The uncertainty band in the ratio plot represents the systematic uncertainty in the background yields. |
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Figure 1-b:
The invariant mass spectrum of dimuon events. The points with error bars represent the observed yield. The histograms represent the expectations from the SM processes. The bins have equal width in logarithmic scale so that the width in GeV becomes larger with increasing mass. Example signal shape for a narrow resonance with a mass of 3 TeV is shown by the stacked open histogram. The uncertainty band in the ratio plot represents the systematic uncertainty in the background yields. |
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Figure 2:
The cumulative distributions, where all events above the specified mass on the $x$ axis are summed, of the invariant mass spectra of dielectron (left) and dimuon (right) events. The points with error bars represent the observed yield. The histograms represent the expectations from SM processes. The uncertainty bands in the ratio plots represent the systematic uncertainty in the background yields. |
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Figure 2-a:
The cumulative distribution, where all events above the specified mass on the $x$ axis are summed, of the invariant mass spectrum of dielectron events. The points with error bars represent the observed yield. The histograms represent the expectations from SM processes. The uncertainty band in the ratio plot represents the systematic uncertainty in the background yields. |
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Figure 2-b:
The cumulative distribution, where all events above the specified mass on the $x$ axis are summed, of the invariant mass spectrum of dimuon events. The points with error bars represent the observed yield. The histograms represent the expectations from SM processes. The uncertainty band in the ratio plot represents the systematic uncertainty in the background yields. |
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Figure 3:
The upper limits at 95% CL on the product of production cross section and branching fraction for a spin-1 resonance with a width equal to 0.6% of the resonance mass, relative to the product of production cross section and branching fraction of a Z boson, for the dielectron channel (left), dimuon channel (right), and their combination (lower). The shaded bands correspond to the 68 and 95% quantiles for the expected limits. Theoretical predictions for the spin-1 $ {{\mathrm {Z}'}_\mathrm {SSM}} $ and $ {{\mathrm {Z}'}_\psi} $ resonances are shown for comparison. |
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Figure 3-a:
The upper limits at 95% CL on the product of production cross section and branching fraction for a spin-1 resonance with a width equal to 0.6% of the resonance mass, relative to the product of production cross section and branching fraction of a Z boson, for the dielectron channel. The shaded bands correspond to the 68 and 95% quantiles for the expected limits. Theoretical predictions for the spin-1 $ {{\mathrm {Z}'}_\mathrm {SSM}} $ and $ {{\mathrm {Z}'}_\psi} $ resonances are shown for comparison. |
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Figure 3-b:
The upper limits at 95% CL on the product of production cross section and branching fraction for a spin-1 resonance with a width equal to 0.6% of the resonance mass, relative to the product of production cross section and branching fraction of a Z boson, for the dimuon channel. The shaded bands correspond to the 68 and 95% quantiles for the expected limits. Theoretical predictions for the spin-1 $ {{\mathrm {Z}'}_\mathrm {SSM}} $ and $ {{\mathrm {Z}'}_\psi} $ resonances are shown for comparison. |
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Figure 3-c:
The upper limits at 95% CL on the product of production cross section and branching fraction for a spin-1 resonance with a width equal to 0.6% of the resonance mass, relative to the product of production cross section and branching fraction of a Z boson, for the combination of dielectron and dimuon channels. The shaded bands correspond to the 68 and 95% quantiles for the expected limits. Theoretical predictions for the spin-1 $ {{\mathrm {Z}'}_\mathrm {SSM}} $ and $ {{\mathrm {Z}'}_\psi} $ resonances are shown for comparison. |
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Figure 4:
The upper limits at 95% CL on the product of production cross section and branching fraction for a spin-1 resonance, for widths equal to 0.6, 3, 5, and 10% of the resonance mass, relative to the product of production cross section and branching fraction for a Z boson, for the dielectron channel (left), dimuon channel (right), and their combination (lower). Theoretical predictions for the spin-1 $ {{\mathrm {Z}'}_\mathrm {SSM}} $ and $ {{\mathrm {Z}'}_\psi} $ resonances are also shown. |
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Figure 4-a:
The upper limits at 95% CL on the product of production cross section and branching fraction for a spin-1 resonance, for widths equal to 0.6, 3, 5, and 10% of the resonance mass, relative to the product of production cross section and branching fraction for a Z boson, for the dielectron channel. Theoretical predictions for the spin-1 $ {{\mathrm {Z}'}_\mathrm {SSM}} $ and $ {{\mathrm {Z}'}_\psi} $ resonances are also shown. |
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Figure 4-b:
The upper limits at 95% CL on the product of production cross section and branching fraction for a spin-1 resonance, for widths equal to 0.6, 3, 5, and 10% of the resonance mass, relative to the product of production cross section and branching fraction for a Z boson, for the dimuon channel. Theoretical predictions for the spin-1 $ {{\mathrm {Z}'}_\mathrm {SSM}} $ and $ {{\mathrm {Z}'}_\psi} $ resonances are also shown. |
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Figure 4-c:
The upper limits at 95% CL on the product of production cross section and branching fraction for a spin-1 resonance, for widths equal to 0.6, 3, 5, and 10% of the resonance mass, relative to the product of production cross section and branching fraction for a Z boson, for the combination of dielectron and dimuon channels. Theoretical predictions for the spin-1 $ {{\mathrm {Z}'}_\mathrm {SSM}} $ and $ {{\mathrm {Z}'}_\psi} $ resonances are also shown. |
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Figure 5:
Limits in the $(c_{{\mathrm {d}}},c_{{\mathrm {u}}})$ plane obtained by recasting the combined limit at 95% CL on the $ {{\mathrm {Z}^\prime}} $ boson cross section from dielectron and dimuon channels. For a given $ {{\mathrm {Z}^\prime}} $ boson mass, the cross section limit results in a solid thin black line. These lines are labelled with the relevant $ {{\mathrm {Z}^\prime}} $ boson masses. The closed contours representing the GSM, LR, and E$_6$ model classes are composed of thick line segments. Each point on a segment corresponds to a particular model, and the location of the point gives the mass limit on the relevant $ {{\mathrm {Z}^\prime}} $ boson. As indicated in the bottom left legend, the segment line styles correspond to ranges of the particular mixing angle for each considered model. The bottom right legend indicates the constituents of each model class. |
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Figure 6:
The observed local $p$-value for the dielectron channel (left), dimuon channel (right), and their combination (lower) as a function of the dilepton invariant mass. |
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Figure 6-a:
The observed local $p$-value for the dielectron channel as a function of the dilepton invariant mass. |
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Figure 6-b:
The observed local $p$-value for the dimuon channel as a function of the dilepton invariant mass. |
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Figure 6-c:
The observed local $p$-value for the combination of dielectron and dimuon channels as a function of the dilepton invariant mass. |
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Figure 7:
The upper limits at 95% CL on the product of production cross section and branching fraction for a spin-2 resonance, relative to the product of production cross section and branching fraction of a Z boson, for the dielectron channel (left), dimuon channel (right), and their combination (lower). The shaded bands correspond to the 68 and 95% quantiles for the expected limits. Theoretical predictions for the spin-2 resonances with widths equal to 0.01, 0.36, and 1.42 GeV corresponding to coupling parameters $k/\overline {M}_\mathrm {Pl}$ of 0.01, 0.05, and 0.10 are shown for comparison. |
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Figure 7-a:
The upper limits at 95% CL on the product of production cross section and branching fraction for a spin-2 resonance, relative to the product of production cross section and branching fraction of a Z boson, for the dielectron channel. The shaded bands correspond to the 68 and 95% quantiles for the expected limits. Theoretical predictions for the spin-2 resonances with widths equal to 0.01, 0.36, and 1.42 GeV corresponding to coupling parameters $k/\overline {M}_\mathrm {Pl}$ of 0.01, 0.05, and 0.10 are shown for comparison. |
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Figure 7-b:
The upper limits at 95% CL on the product of production cross section and branching fraction for a spin-2 resonance, relative to the product of production cross section and branching fraction of a Z boson, for the dimuon channel. The shaded bands correspond to the 68 and 95% quantiles for the expected limits. Theoretical predictions for the spin-2 resonances with widths equal to 0.01, 0.36, and 1.42 GeV corresponding to coupling parameters $k/\overline {M}_\mathrm {Pl}$ of 0.01, 0.05, and 0.10 are shown for comparison. |
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Figure 7-c:
The upper limits at 95% CL on the product of production cross section and branching fraction for a spin-2 resonance, relative to the product of production cross section and branching fraction of a Z boson, for the combination of dielectron and dimuon channels. The shaded bands correspond to the 68 and 95% quantiles for the expected limits. Theoretical predictions for the spin-2 resonances with widths equal to 0.01, 0.36, and 1.42 GeV corresponding to coupling parameters $k/\overline {M}_\mathrm {Pl}$ of 0.01, 0.05, and 0.10 are shown for comparison. |
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Figure 8:
Limits at 95% confidence level for the masses of the DM particle, which is assumed to be Dirac fermion, and its associated mediator, in a simplified model of DM production via a vector (left) or axial vector (right) mediator. The parameter exclusion is obtained by comparing the limits on product of the production cross section and the branching fraction for decay to a Z boson, with the values obtained from calculations in the simplified model. For each combination of the DM particle and mediator mass values, the width of the mediator is taken into account in the limit calculation. The lines with the hatching represents the excluded regions. The solid grey lines, marked as "$\Omega h^{2} \ge 0.12$'', correspond to parameter regions that reproduce the observed DM relic density in the universe [62,63,4,26], with the hatched area indicating the region where the DM relic abundance exceeds the observed value. |
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Figure 8-a:
Limits at 95% confidence level for the masses of the DM particle, which is assumed to be Dirac fermion, and its associated mediator, in a simplified model of DM production via a vector mediator. The parameter exclusion is obtained by comparing the limits on product of the production cross section and the branching fraction for decay to a Z boson, with the values obtained from calculations in the simplified model. For each combination of the DM particle and mediator mass values, the width of the mediator is taken into account in the limit calculation. The lines with the hatching represents the excluded regions. The solid grey lines, marked as "$\Omega h^{2} \ge 0.12$'', correspond to parameter regions that reproduce the observed DM relic density in the universe [62,63,4,26], with the hatched area indicating the region where the DM relic abundance exceeds the observed value. |
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Figure 8-b:
Limits at 95% confidence level for the masses of the DM particle, which is assumed to be Dirac fermion, and its associated mediator, in a simplified model of DM production via a axial vector mediator. The parameter exclusion is obtained by comparing the limits on product of the production cross section and the branching fraction for decay to a Z boson, with the values obtained from calculations in the simplified model. For each combination of the DM particle and mediator mass values, the width of the mediator is taken into account in the limit calculation. The lines with the hatching represents the excluded regions. The solid grey lines, marked as "$\Omega h^{2} \ge 0.12$'', correspond to parameter regions that reproduce the observed DM relic density in the universe [62,63,4,26], with the hatched area indicating the region where the DM relic abundance exceeds the observed value. |
| Tables | |
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Table 1:
Various benchmark models with their corresponding mixing angles, their branching fraction ($\mathcal {B}$) to dileptons, the $c_{{\mathrm {u}}}$ and $c_{{\mathrm {d}}}$ parameter values and their ratio, and the width to mass ratio of the associated $ {{\mathrm {Z}^\prime}} $ boson. |
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Table 2:
The number of dielectron events in various invariant mass ranges. The total background is the sum of the events for the SM processes listed. The yields from simulation are normalized relative to the expected cross sections, and overall the simulation is normalized to the observed yield using the number of events in the mass window 60-120 GeV. Uncertainties include both statistical and systematic components, summed in quadrature. |
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Table 3:
The number of dimuon events in various invariant mass ranges. The total background is the sum of the events for the SM processes listed. The yields from simulation are normalized relative to the expected cross sections, and overall the simulation is normalized to the observed yield using the number of events in the mass window 60-120 GeV, acquired using a prescaled low threshold trigger. Uncertainties include both statistical and systematic components, summed in quadrature. |
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Table 4:
The observed and expected 95% CL lower limits on the masses of spin-1 $ {{\mathrm {Z}'}_\mathrm {SSM}} $ and $ {{\mathrm {Z}'}_\psi} $ bosons, assuming a signal width of 0.6% (3.0%) of the resonance mass for $ {{\mathrm {Z}'}_\psi} $ ($ {{\mathrm {Z}'}_\mathrm {SSM}} $). |
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Table 5:
The observed and expected 95% CL lower limits on the masses of spin-2 resonances with widths equal to 0.01, 0.36 and 1.42 GeV corresponding to coupling parameters $k/\overline {M}_\mathrm {Pl}$ of 0.01, 0.05, and 0.10. |
| Summary |
|
A search for narrow resonances in dielectron and dimuon invariant mass spectra has been performed using data recorded in 2016 from proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s} = $ 13 TeV. The integrated luminosity for the dielectron sample is 35.9 fb$^{-1}$ and for the dimuon sample is 36.3 fb$^{-1}$. Observations are in agreement with standard model expectations. Upper limits at 95% confidence level on the product of a narrow-resonance production cross section and branching fraction to dileptons have been calculated in a model-independent manner to enable interpretation in the framework of models predicting a narrow dielectron or dimuon resonance. A scan of different intrinsic width hypotheses is performed. Limits are set on the masses of various hypothetical particles. For the $\mathrm{Z}'_{\text{SSM}}$ particle, which arises in the sequential standard model, and for the superstring-inspired $\mathrm{Z}'_{\psi}$ particle, 95% confidence level lower mass limits for the combined channels are found to be 4.50 and 3.90 TeV, respectively. These limits extend the previous ones from CMS by 1.1 TeV in both models. The corresponding limits for Kaluza-Klein gravitons arising in the Randall-Sundrum model of extra dimensions with coupling parameters $k/\overline{M}_\mathrm{Pl}$ of 0.01, 0.05, and 0.10 are 2.10, 3.65, and 4.25 TeV, respectively. The limits extend previous published CMS results by 0.6 (1.1) TeV for a $k/\overline{M}_\mathrm{Pl}$ value of 0.01 (0.10). Finally, limits at 95% confidence level are obtained for the masses of the dark matter particle and its associated mediator, in a simplified model of dark matter production via a vector or axial vector mediator. |
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