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CMS-PAS-HIG-16-016
Searches for invisible Higgs boson decays with the CMS detector
Abstract: Searches for invisible decays of the Higgs boson are presented. The data collected with the CMS detector at the LHC correspond to integrated luminosities of 5.1, 19.7, and 2.3 fb$^{-1}$ at centre-of-mass energies of 7, 8, and 13 TeV, respectively. The search channels target Higgs boson production via gluon fusion, vector boson fusion, and in association with a vector boson. Upper limits are placed on the branching fraction of the Higgs boson decay to invisible particles, as a function of the assumed production cross sections. The combination of all channels, assuming standard model production cross sections, yields an observed (expected) upper limit on the invisible branching fraction of 0.24 (0.23) at a 95% confidence level. The results are also interpreted under Higgs-portal dark matter models.
Figures & Tables Summary Additional Figures References CMS Publications
Figures

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Figure 1-a:
Diagrams for Higgs boson production in the (a) qqH, (b) VH, and (c) ggH in association with ISR modes.

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Figure 1-b:
Diagrams for Higgs boson production in the (a) qqH, (b) VH, and (c) ggH in association with ISR modes.

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Figure 1-c:
Diagrams for Higgs boson production in the (a) qqH, (b) VH, and (c) ggH in association with ISR modes.

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Figure 2-a:
Distributions of (a) $ {{\Delta \eta (\mathrm {j_{1},j_{2}})}}$ and (b) $ {\mathrm {m_{jj}}}$ in the VBF signal region for data and simulation. The background yields are scaled to their post-fit values, with the total post-fit uncertainty represented as the black hatched area. The last bin contains the overflow events. The expected contribution from a Higgs boson with a mass of 125 GeV , produced with the SM cross section and decaying to invisible particles with 100% branching fraction is shown in red.

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Figure 2-b:
Distributions of (a) $ {{\Delta \eta (\mathrm {j_{1},j_{2}})}}$ and (b) $ {\mathrm {m_{jj}}}$ in the VBF signal region for data and simulation. The background yields are scaled to their post-fit values, with the total post-fit uncertainty represented as the black hatched area. The last bin contains the overflow events. The expected contribution from a Higgs boson with a mass of 125 GeV , produced with the SM cross section and decaying to invisible particles with 100% branching fraction is shown in red.

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Figure 3-a:
Distributions of $ m_{\mathrm{T}}$ in data and simulation for $\mathrm {Z}(\ell\ell)\mathrm{H}$ tagged events in the (a) 0-jet and (b) 1-jet categories at 13 TeV, combining dielectron and dimuon events. The background yields are normalised to 2.3 fb$^{-1}$. The shaded bands represent the total statistical and systematic uncertainties in the backgrounds. The horizontal bars on the data points represent the width of the bin centred at that point. The expectation from a Higgs boson with a mass of 125 GeV, from ZH production, decaying to invisibles with a 100% branching fraction is shown in red.

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Figure 3-b:
Distributions of $ m_{\mathrm{T}}$ in data and simulation for $\mathrm {Z}(\ell\ell)\mathrm{H}$ tagged events in the (a) 0-jet and (b) 1-jet categories at 13 TeV, combining dielectron and dimuon events. The background yields are normalised to 2.3 fb$^{-1}$. The shaded bands represent the total statistical and systematic uncertainties in the backgrounds. The horizontal bars on the data points represent the width of the bin centred at that point. The expectation from a Higgs boson with a mass of 125 GeV, from ZH production, decaying to invisibles with a 100% branching fraction is shown in red.

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Figure 4-a:
Distributions of $ {E_{\mathrm {T}}^{\text {miss}}} $ in data and predicted background contributions in the (a) $ {\textrm {V}(\mathrm {jj})}$-tagged and (b) monojet categories at 13 TeV. The background prediction is taken from a fit using only the control regions and the shaded bands represent the statistical and systematic uncertainties in the backgrounds after that fit. The horizontal bars on the data points represent the width of the bin centred at that point. The expectations from a Higgs boson with the mass of 125 GeV decaying to invisible particles with a branching fraction of 100% are superimposed.

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Figure 4-b:
Distributions of $ {E_{\mathrm {T}}^{\text {miss}}} $ in data and predicted background contributions in the (a) $ {\textrm {V}(\mathrm {jj})}$-tagged and (b) monojet categories at 13 TeV. The background prediction is taken from a fit using only the control regions and the shaded bands represent the statistical and systematic uncertainties in the backgrounds after that fit. The horizontal bars on the data points represent the width of the bin centred at that point. The expectations from a Higgs boson with the mass of 125 GeV decaying to invisible particles with a branching fraction of 100% are superimposed.

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Figure 5:
Observed and expected 95% CL limits on $ {\sigma \times {\mathrm {B}(\mathrm {H\rightarrow inv.)}}/\sigma (\textrm {SM})}$ for individual combinations of categories targeting qqH, VH, and ggH production, and the full combination assuming a Higgs boson with the mass of 125 GeV.

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Figure 6-a:
Profile likelihood ratio as a function of $ {\mathrm {B}(\mathrm {H\rightarrow inv.)}}$ assuming SM production cross selections of a Higgs boson with the mass of 125 GeV. The solid curves represent the observation in data and the dashed curves represents the expected result assuming no invisible decays of the Higgs boson. (a) The observed and expected likelihood scans for the partial combinations of the 7+8 and 13 TeV analyses, and the full combination. (b) The observed and expected likelihood scans for the partial combinations of the VBF-tagged, VH-tagged, and ggH-tagged analyses, and the full combination.

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Figure 6-b:
Profile likelihood ratio as a function of $ {\mathrm {B}(\mathrm {H\rightarrow inv.)}}$ assuming SM production cross selections of a Higgs boson with the mass of 125 GeV. The solid curves represent the observation in data and the dashed curves represents the expected result assuming no invisible decays of the Higgs boson. (a) The observed and expected likelihood scans for the partial combinations of the 7+8 and 13 TeV analyses, and the full combination. (b) The observed and expected likelihood scans for the partial combinations of the VBF-tagged, VH-tagged, and ggH-tagged analyses, and the full combination.

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Figure 7:
Observed 95% CL upper limits on $ {\mathrm {B}(\mathrm {H\rightarrow inv.)}}$ assuming a Higgs boson with the mass of 125 GeV whose production cross sections are scaled, relative to their SM values as a function of the coupling modifiers $\kappa _{F},\kappa _{V}$. The 68% and 95% confidence regions for $\kappa _{F},\kappa _{V}$ from Ref. [4] are superimposed as the solid and dashed white contours, respectively. The SM prediction (red diamond) corresponds to $\kappa _{F}=\kappa _{V}= $ 1 .

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Figure 8:
Limits on the spin-independent DM-nucleon scattering cross section in Higgs-portal models assuming a scalar or fermion DM particle. The dashed lines show the variation in the exclusion using alternative values for $f_{\rm {N}}$ as described in the text. The limits are given at the 90% CL to allow for comparison to direct detection constraints from the LUX [85] and CDMSlite [86] experiments.
Tables

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Table 1:
Summary of the expected composition of production modes of a Higgs boson with the mass of 125 GeV in each analysis included in the combination. The relative contributions assume SM production cross sections.

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Table 2:
Event selections for the VBF invisible Higgs boson decay search at 8 and 13 TeV.

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Table 3:
Post-fit yields for the control regions and signal region of the VBF analysis using the 13 TeV dataset. The fit ignores the constraints due to the data in the signal region. For the W and Z processes, jet production through QCD or electroweak (EW) vertices are listed as separate entries. The signal yields shown assume SM ggH and qqH production rates for a Higgs boson with a mass of 125 GeV, decaying to invisible particles with $ {\mathrm {B}(\mathrm {H\rightarrow inv.)}}=$ 100%.

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Table 4:
Event selections for the $ {\textrm {Z}(\ell^+\ell^-)}$ Higgs invisible search using the 7, 8 TeV and 13 TeV datasets.

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Table 5:
Predicted signal and background yields and observed number of events after full selection in the 13 TeV analysis. The numbers are given for the 0-jet and 1-jet categories, separately for the $ {\mathrm {e^{+}e^{-}}}$ and $ {\mu ^{+}\mu ^{-}}$ final states. The uncertainties include statistical and systematic components. The signal prediction assumes a SM ZH production rate for a Higgs boson with the mass of 125 GeV and a 100% branching fraction to invisible particles.

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Table 6:
Event selections for the $ {\textrm {V}(\mathrm {jj})}$-tagged and monojet invisible Higgs boson decay searches using the 8 and 13 TeV data sets. The requirements on $ {p_{\mathrm {T}}} ^{\mathrm {j}}$ and $|\eta |^{\mathrm {j}}$ refer to the highest $ {p_{\mathrm {T}}} $ (large-radius) jet in the monojet ($ {\textrm {V}(\mathrm {jj})}$-tagged) events.

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Table 7:
Dominant sources of systematic uncertainties and their impact on the fitted value of $ {\mathrm {B}(\mathrm {H\rightarrow inv.)}}$ in the VBF-tagged analysis with the 13 TeV data. The systematic uncertainties are split into common uncertainties and those specific to the signal model. The total expected uncertainty and the total uncertainty fixing all constrained nuisance parameters to their maximum likelihood estimates (statistical only) are also given.

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Table 8:
Dominant sources of systematic uncertainties and their impact on the fitted value of $ {\mathrm {B}(\mathrm {H\rightarrow inv.)}}$ in the ${\textrm {Z}(\ell^+\ell^-)}$-tagged analysis with the 13 TeV data. The systematic uncertainties are split into common uncertainties and those specific to the signal model. The total expected uncertainty and the total uncertainty fixing all constrained nuisance parameters to their maximum likelihood estimates (statistical only) are also given.

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Table 9:
Dominant sources of systematic uncertainties and their impact on the fitted value of $ {\mathrm {B}(\mathrm {H\rightarrow inv.)}}$ in the ${\textrm {V}(\mathrm {jj})}$-tagged analysis with the 13 TeV data. The systematic uncertainties are split into common uncertainties and those specific to the signal model. The total expected uncertainty and the total uncertainty fixing all constrained nuisance parameters to their maximum likelihood estimates (statistical only) are also given.

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Table 10:
Dominant sources of systematic uncertainties and their impact on the fitted value of $ {\mathrm {B}(\mathrm {H\rightarrow inv.)}}$ in the ggH-tagged analysis with the 13 TeV data. The systematic uncertainties are split into common uncertainties and those specific to the signal model. The total expected uncertainty and the total uncertainty fixing all constrained nuisance parameters to their maximum likelihood estimates (statistical only) are also given.
Summary
A combination of searches for a Higgs boson decaying to invisible particles using Run 1 and Run 2 data sets has been presented. The combination includes searches targeting Higgs production in the ZH mode, in which a Z boson decays to $\ell^{+}\ell^{-}$ or $\mathrm{b\bar{b}}$, and the qqH mode which is the most sensitive channel. The combination also includes the first searches at CMS targeting VH production, in which the vector boson decays hadronically, and the ggH mode in which the Higgs boson is produced in association with jets. No significant deviations from the SM predctions are observed and upper limits are placed on the branching fraction for the Higgs boson decay to invisible particles. The combination of all searches yields an observed (expected) upper limit on $\mathrm{B}(\mathrm{H\rightarrow inv.)}$ of 0.24 (0.23) at a 95% confidence level, assuming SM production of a Higgs boson with the mass of 125 GeV. The combined 90% CL limit of $\mathrm{B}(\mathrm{H\rightarrow inv.)}< $ 0.20 has been interpreted in Higgs-portal models and constraints are placed on the spin-independent DM-nucleon interaction cross section. These limits provide stronger constraints than those from direct detection experiments for DM masses below 30 or 5 GeV, assuming a fermion or scalar DM particle, respectively.
Additional Figures

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Additional Figure 1-a:
Profile likelihood ratio as a function of $ {\mathrm {B}(\mathrm {H\rightarrow inv.)}}$ assuming SM production cross sections of a Higgs boson with the mass of 125 GeV. The solid curves represent the observation in data and the dashed curve represents the expected result assuming no invisible decays of the Higgs boson. (a) The observed and expected likelihood scans for the partial combinations of the 7+8 and 13 TeV analyses, and the full combination. (b) The observed and expected likelihood scans for the partial combinations of the VBF-tagged, VH-tagged, and ggH-tagged analyses, and the full combination. The constraint that $ {\mathrm {B}(\mathrm {H\rightarrow inv.)}}> $ 0 is removed for these results.

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Additional Figure 1-b:
Profile likelihood ratio as a function of $ {\mathrm {B}(\mathrm {H\rightarrow inv.)}}$ assuming SM production cross sections of a Higgs boson with the mass of 125 GeV. The solid curves represent the observation in data and the dashed curve represents the expected result assuming no invisible decays of the Higgs boson. (a) The observed and expected likelihood scans for the partial combinations of the 7+8 and 13 TeV analyses, and the full combination. (b) The observed and expected likelihood scans for the partial combinations of the VBF-tagged, VH-tagged, and ggH-tagged analyses, and the full combination. The constraint that $ {\mathrm {B}(\mathrm {H\rightarrow inv.)}}> $ 0 is removed for these results.

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Additional Figure 2-a:
Observed and expected 95% CL upper limits on $ {\mathrm {B}(\mathrm {H\rightarrow inv.)}}$ assuming a Higgs boson with a mass of 125 GeV whose production cross sections are scaled, relative to their SM values as a function of $\kappa _{V}$, fixing $\kappa _{F}= $ 1 (a) and as a function of $\kappa _{F}$, fixing $\kappa _{V}= $ 1 (b).

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Additional Figure 2-b:
Observed and expected 95% CL upper limits on $ {\mathrm {B}(\mathrm {H\rightarrow inv.)}}$ assuming a Higgs boson with a mass of 125 GeV whose production cross sections are scaled, relative to their SM values as a function of $\kappa _{V}$, fixing $\kappa _{F}= $ 1 (a) and as a function of $\kappa _{F}$, fixing $\kappa _{V}= $ 1 (b).

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Additional Figure 3:
Observed 95% CL upper limits on $ {\mathrm {B}(\mathrm {H\rightarrow inv.)}}$ assuming a Higgs boson with a mass of 125 GeV whose production cross sections are scaled, relative to their SM values, by $\mu _{\mathrm {ggH}}$ for the ggH process and $\mu _{\mathrm {qqH,VH}}$ for the qqH and VH processes. The SM (red diamond) is attained for $\mu _{\mathrm {ggH}}=\mu _{\mathrm {qqH,VH}}= $ 1 .

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Additional Figure 4:
Expected profile likelihood ratios as a function of $ {\mathrm {B}(\mathrm {H\rightarrow inv.)}}$ assuming SM production cross sections of a Higgs boson with a mass of 125 GeV. The results fixing all nuisance parameters associated to theory systematic uncertainties on the signal model to their nominal values in data is shown as the magenta line. The result assuming only statistical uncertainties, including systematic uncertainties which are expected to scale with luminosity, is also shown in green.
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Compact Muon Solenoid
LHC, CERN