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| CMS-HIN-19-009 ; CERN-EP-2020-141 | ||
| Studies of charm and beauty hadron long-range correlations in pp and pPb collisions at LHC energies | ||
| CMS Collaboration | ||
| 15 September 2020 | ||
| Phys. Lett. B 813 (2021) 136036 | ||
| Abstract: Measurements of the second Fourier harmonic coefficient ($v_2$) of the azimuthal distributions of prompt and nonprompt ${\mathrm{D^0}}$ mesons (the latter coming from beauty hadron decays) produced in pp and pPb collisions are presented. The data samples are collected by the CMS experiment at nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energies of 13 and 8.16 TeV, respectively. In high multiplicity pp collisions, $v_2$ signals for prompt charm hadrons are reported for the first time, and are found to be comparable to those for light-flavor hadron species over a transverse momentum (${p_{\mathrm{T}}}$) range of 2-6 GeV. Compared at similar event multiplicities, the prompt ${\mathrm{D^0}}$ meson $v_2$ values in pp and pPb collisions are similar in magnitude. The $v_2$ values for open beauty hadrons are extracted for the first time via nonprompt ${\mathrm{D^0}}$ mesons in pPb collisions. For ${p_{\mathrm{T}}}$ in the range of 2-5 GeV, the results suggest that $v_2$ for nonprompt ${\mathrm{D^0}}$ mesons are smaller than those for prompt ${\mathrm{D^0}}$ mesons. These new measurements indicate a positive charm hadron $v_2$ in pp collisions and suggest a mass dependence in $v_2$ between charm and beauty hadrons in the pPb system. These results provide insights into the origin of heavy-flavor quark collectivity in small systems. | ||
| Links: e-print arXiv:2009.07065 [hep-ex] (PDF) ; CDS record ; inSPIRE record ; HepData record ; CADI line (restricted) ; | ||
| Figures | |
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Figure 1:
Example of fits to the invariant mass spectrum and $V_{2\Delta}^{S+B}(m_{\text {inv}})$, for the BDT prompt-trained sample in pp collisions. |
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Figure 2:
Example of fits to the invariant mass spectrum and $V_{2\Delta}^{S+B}(m_{\text {inv}})$, for the BDT nonprompt-trained sample in pPb collisions. The left plot shows the fit for $\text {DCA} < $ 0.008 cm and the right plot is for 0.008 $ < \text {DCA} < $ 0.014 cm. |
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Figure 2-a:
Example of fit to the invariant mass spectrum and $V_{2\Delta}^{S+B}(m_{\text {inv}})$, for the BDT nonprompt-trained sample in pPb collisions. The plot shows the fit for $\text {DCA} < $ 0.008 cm. |
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Figure 2-b:
Example of fit to the invariant mass spectrum and $V_{2\Delta}^{S+B}(m_{\text {inv}})$, for the BDT nonprompt-trained sample in pPb collisions. The plot shows the fit for 0.008 $ < \text {DCA} < $ 0.014 cm. |
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Figure 3:
Left: example of template fit to the ${\mathrm{D^0}}$ meson DCA distribution in the ${p_{\mathrm {T}}}$ interval 3-4 GeV for events with 185 $ \leq {N_\text {trk}^\text {offline}} < $ 250 of pPb collisions. Right: inclusive ${\mathrm{D^0}}$ $V_{2\Delta}^{S}$ values from the three DCA regions as a function of the corresponding nonprompt ${\mathrm{D^0}}$ fraction, for 2 $ < {p_{\mathrm {T}}} < $ 5 GeV and 5 $ < {p_{\mathrm {T}}} < $ 8 GeV. The red line is a linear fit to $V_{2\Delta}^{S}$ data. |
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Figure 3-a:
Example of template fit to the ${\mathrm{D^0}}$ meson DCA distribution in the ${p_{\mathrm {T}}}$ interval 3-4 GeV for events with 185 $ \leq {N_\text {trk}^\text {offline}} < $ 250 of pPb collisions. |
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Figure 3-b:
Inclusive ${\mathrm{D^0}}$ $V_{2\Delta}^{S}$ values from the three DCA regions as a function of the corresponding nonprompt ${\mathrm{D^0}}$ fraction, for 2 $ < {p_{\mathrm {T}}} < $ 5 GeV and 5 $ < {p_{\mathrm {T}}} < $ 8 GeV. The red line is a linear fit to $V_{2\Delta}^{S}$ data. |
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Figure 4:
Results of $v_2^{\text {sub}}$ for prompt $ {\mathrm{D^0}}$ mesons, as a function of ${p_{\mathrm {T}}}$ for $ {| y_{\text {lab}} |} < $ 1, with $ {N_\text {trk}^\text {offline}} \geq $ 100 in pp collisions at $ {\sqrt {s}} = $ 13 TeV. Published data for charged particles, ${\mathrm{K^0_S}}$ mesons and $\Lambda$ baryons are also shown for comparison [19]. The vertical bars correspond to the statistical uncertainties, while the shaded areas denote the systematic uncertainties. The horizontal bars represent the width of the ${p_{\mathrm {T}}}$ bins. |
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Figure 5:
Results of $v_2^{\text {sub}}$ for prompt $ {\mathrm{D^0}}$ mesons, as a function of event multiplicity for three different ${p_{\mathrm {T}}}$ ranges, with $ {| y_{\text {lab}} |} < $ 1 in pp collisions at $ {\sqrt {s}} = $ 13 TeV and pPb collisions at $ {\sqrt {\smash [b]{s_{_{\mathrm {NN}}}}}} = $ 8.16 TeV. The vertical bars correspond to statistical uncertainties, while the shaded areas denote the systematic uncertainties. The y-axis is zoomed in to better display the data; the uncertainties are symmetric with respect to their central values. The horizontal bars represent the width of the ${N_\text {trk}^\text {offline}}$ bins. The right-most points with right-hand arrows correspond to $ {N_\text {trk}^\text {offline}} \geq $ 100 for pp collisions and $ {N_\text {trk}^\text {offline}} \geq $ 250 for pPb collisions. The $v_2^{\text {sub}}$ values in pPb collisions with 185 $\leq {N_\text {trk}^\text {offline}} < $ 250 are measured in different ${p_{\mathrm {T}}}$ ranges from Ref. [57] and are found to be consistent with Ref. [57]. |
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Figure 6:
Results of $v_2^{\text {sub}}$ for prompt and nonprompt $ {\mathrm{D^0}}$ mesons, as well as ${\mathrm{K^0_S}}$ mesons, $\Lambda$ baryons for $ {| y_{\text {lab}} |} < $ 1, and prompt $\mathrm{J}/\psi $ mesons for 1.2 $ < {| y_{\text {lab}} |} < $ 2.4, as functions of ${p_{\mathrm {T}}}$ with 185 $\leq {N_\text {trk}^\text {offline}} < $ 250 in pPb collisions at $ {\sqrt {\smash [b]{s_{_{\mathrm {NN}}}}}} = $ 8.16 TeV [57,59]. The vertical bars correspond to statistical uncertainties, while the shaded areas denote the systematic uncertainties. The horizontal bars represent the width of the nonprompt $ {\mathrm{D^0}}$ ${p_{\mathrm {T}}}$ bins. The dashed, dash-dotted, and solid lines, show the theoretical calculations of prompt ${\mathrm{D^0}}$, $\mathrm{J}/\psi$, and nonprompt $ {\mathrm{D^0}}$ mesons, respectively, within the CGC framework [61,77]. |
| Tables | |
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Table 1:
Summary of systematic uncertainties on $v_2^{\text {sub}}$. The ranges of systematic uncertainties correspond to the ${p_{\mathrm {T}}}$ ranges of ${\mathrm{D^0}}$ mesons. |
| Summary |
| The first measurements of elliptic azimuthal anisotropies for prompt ${\mathrm{D^0}}$ mesons in proton-proton (pp) collisions at center-of-mass energy $\sqrt{s} = $ 13 TeV, and for nonprompt ${\mathrm{D^0}}$ mesons from beauty hadron decays in proton-lead (pPb) collisions at nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energy ${\sqrt {\smash [b]{s_{_{\mathrm {NN}}}}}} = $ 8.16 TeV are presented. In pp collisions with multiplicities of ${N_\text {trk}^\text {offline}} \geq $100, the second Fourier harmonic coefficient ($v_2$) of the azimuthal distributions for prompt ${\mathrm{D^0}}$ mesons are measured over the transverse momentum (${p_{\mathrm{T}}}$) range of 2-8 GeV, with indications of positive $v_2$ signals over the ${p_{\mathrm{T}}}$ range of 2-4 GeV. These values are found to be comparable (or slightly smaller) to those of light-flavor hadron species. At similar event multiplicities, the prompt ${\mathrm{D^0}}$ meson $v_2$ signals in pp and pPb collisions are found to be comparable in magnitude. The $v_2$ values of open beauty hadrons are extracted for the first time via non-prompt ${\mathrm{D^0}}$ mesons in pPb collisions, with magnitudes smaller than those for prompt ${\mathrm{D^0}}$ mesons for ${p_{\mathrm{T}}} \sim 2$-5 GeV. The new measurements of charm hadron $v_2$ in the pp system and the indications of mass dependence of heavy-flavor hadron $v_2$ in the pPb system provide insights into the origin of heavy-flavor quark collectivity in small colliding systems. |
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