CYLINDER 

&CELL: SOLIDS: CYLINDER


CENTRE

The location of the centre of gravity of the cylinder.

[No default.]


radius

The radius of the cylinder.

The decision whether a particle is inside or outside the cylinder, is made assuming a genuine cylinder. For plotting and neBEM field calculations however, a polygonal approximation is made and the precise interpretation of the radius is influenced by the MEAN-RADIUS and OUTER-RADIUS options.

[No default.]


OUTER-RADIUS

By default, the polygon is inscribed in a circle of the specified radius.

MEAN-RADIUS

If this option is specified, then the radius will be interpreted as the average radius of the polygon that approximates the cylinder. The radius at the vertices will be larger than the smallest enveloping circle by a factor:
2/(1 + arcsinh(tan(\α) cos(\α) / tan(\α)))
where
\α = 1/4 \π / (N-1)

If you place a precisely fitting hole around the cylinder, then you should use the same option for the hole.

[This is not default.]


HALF-LENGTH

Half the overall length of the cylinder, as measured along the central axis.

[No default.]


DIRECTION

The direction vector of the central axis of the cylinder.

The normalisation of the vector is not used. Zero-norm vectors are not acceptable.

[By default, the central axis is aligned with the z-axis.]


CHARGE

Charge applied to the surfaces of the cylinder.

The charge is added to the surface charges needed to satisfy the boundary conditions. The cylinder can either be a dielectric or a conductor.

In the process of being implemented - initially, the charge is equally distributed over all surfaces, selection of surface panels is planned to be added later.

Specifying this option implies the use of neBEM to solve the field.


VOLTAGE

Voltage of the cylinder, which is assumed to be conducting.

Specifying this option implies the use of neBEM to solve the field.


FLOATING-CONDUCTOR

The cylinder will assume a uniform voltage common on all its surface panels.

In the process of being implemented.

Specifying this option implies the use of neBEM to solve the field.


EPSILON

Dielectric constant of the cylinder relative to vacuum.

Specifying this option implies the use of neBEM to solve the field.


material

Specifies whether the cylinder is made of conducting or from dielectric material. To differentiate the solids in drawings, one has the option to choose between various representations:

Type Representation Notes
CONDUCTOR CONDUCTORS-1 Equivalent to CONDUCTOR-1
CONDUCTOR-1 CONDUCTORS-1 -
CONDUCTOR-2 CONDUCTORS-2 -
CONDUCTOR-3 CONDUCTORS-3 -
DIELECTRICUM DIELECTRICA-1 Equivalent to DIELECTRICUM-1
DIELECTRICUM-1 DIELECTRICA-1 -
DIELECTRICUM-2 DIELECTRICA-2 -
DIELECTRICUM-3 DIELECTRICA-3 -

[Default: CONDUCTOR]


label

A one character identification of the solid.

This label serves the same purpose as the wire label for wires, namely the selection of the solid as a place where signals can be measured, around which isochrons are drawn etc.

[By default, no label is assigned.]


N

The cylinder is drawn as a polygon with a finite number of panels. The number of corners of the polygon equals 4(n-1). Thus, n=2 will produce a square, n=3 an octagon etc.

The interpretation of n is the same for holes and cylinders. Cylinders with a given n will precisely fit in holes with the same n, provided the radii and axes match.

Drift line termination assumes a perfect cylinder, the choice of n therefore has no importance for this purpose. However, the number of surface panels passed on to neBEM field calculations rises with n and the visual quality of 3D views improves with n.

[By default, N is chosen in function of the size occupied by the cylinder in the drawing. N must be larger than 1.]


WIRE

Requests the use of the thin-wire approximation.

This is equivalent to entering a WIRE.

[This is not default and mutually exclusive with specifying N.]


ROTATE

Specifies a rotation angle of the cylinder in degrees.

Such a rotation is meaningful only if N has been chosen small.

Rotations have only an optical effect. The algorithm which determines whether a point is inside or outside a cylinder, assumes a perfect cylinder and thus does not take rotations into account.

[Default: -\π/4\ radian]


discretisation

The approximate linear size of the elements you would like neBEM to use when discretising.

Garfield generates, for each solid, a set of panels that together cover the faces. These panels, arbitrary convex polygons, are sub-divided when isolating contact areas between solids and also in order to comply with the neBEM requirement that it be given only rectangles and right-angled triangles. The triangles and rectangles handed to neBEM are called "primitives".

For reasons of accuracy neBEM as a rule sub-divides the primitives into "elements", in a process called "discretisation". The sub-divisions of the primitives are called "elements".

Discretisation will perhaps eventually be automated, but for the time being this remains the responsability of the user. In neBEM, the level of discretisation requested is described by 2 integers: the number of elements that is to be generated along each of 2 sides adjacent to a right angle. Since the shape, orientation and size of the primitives are non-trivial to predict, the level of discretisation is specified on the Garfield side as the desired length of the sides of the elements.

The designation of the surfaces is as follows:

All references to coordinates concern the situation before the solid is rotated in place.

The discretisation lengths can be set in several ways, see Example\ 4 for the SOLIDS command:

Discretisation lengths have to be given in cm.

[Default: the TARGET-ELEMENT-SIZE that is in effect at the time the solids are read.]


TOP-LID

Requests the cylinder be closed with a (polygonal) lid at +z.

Not closing the cylinder results in smaller, more efficient neBEM models since polygonal lids are subdivided in a potentially large number of triangular elements, which are computationally less efficient. Leaving the cylinders open is therefore recommendable practice for periodic chambers.

The cylinder will appear closed for all visualisation techniques, except NEBEM.

This option has no effect on wire-type cylinders.

[This is default.]


BOTTOM-LID

Requests the cylinder be closed with a (polygonal) lid at -z.

Not closing the cylinder results in smaller, more efficient neBEM models since polygonal lids are subdivided in a potentially large number of triangular elements, which are computationally less efficient. Leaving the cylinders open is therefore recommendable practice for periodic chambers.

The cylinder will appear closed for all visualisation techniques, except NEBEM.

This option has no effect on wire-type cylinders.

[This is default.]


LIDS

Requests the cylinder be closed with a (polygonal) lid at both ends.

Not closing the cylinder results in smaller, more efficient neBEM models since polygonal lids are subdivided in a potentially large number of triangular elements, which are computationally less efficient. Leaving the cylinders open is therefore recommendable practice for periodic chambers.

The cylinder will appear closed for all visualisation techniques, except NEBEM.

This option has no effect on wire-type cylinders.

[This is default.]


Go to the top level, to &CELL, to SOLIDS, to CYLINDER, to the topic index, to the table of contents, or to the full text.

Formatted on 21/01/18 at 16:55.