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CMS-SUS-18-007 ; CERN-EP-2019-171
Search for supersymmetry using Higgs boson to diphoton decays at $\sqrt{s} = $ 13 TeV
JHEP 11 (2019) 109
Abstract: A search for supersymmetry (SUSY) is presented where at least one Higgs boson is produced and decays to two photons in the decay chains of pair-produced SUSY particles. Two complementary analysis strategies are pursued: one focused on strong SUSY production and the other focused on electroweak SUSY production. The presence of charged leptons, additional Higgs boson candidates, and various kinematic variables are used to categorize events into search regions that are sensitive to different SUSY scenarios. The results are based on data from proton-proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV collected by the CMS experiment, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 77.5 fb$^{-1}$. No statistically significant excess of events is observed relative to the standard model expectations. We exclude bottom squark pair production for bottom squark masses below 530 GeV and a lightest SUSY particle mass of 1 GeV; wino-like chargino-neutralino production for chargino and neutralino masses below 235 GeV with a gravitino mass of 1 GeV; and higgsino-like chargino-neutralino production in the case where the neutralino decays exclusively to a Higgs boson and a gravitino for neutralino masses below 290 GeV.
Figures & Tables Summary References CMS Publications
Additional information on efficiencies needed for reinterpretation of these results are available here. Additional technical material for CMS speakers can be found here.
Figures

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Figure 1:
Diagrams displaying the simplified models that are being considered. Upper left: bottom squark pair production; upper right: wino-like chargino-neutralino production; lower: the two relevant decay modes for higgsino-like neutralino pair production in the GMSB scenario.

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Figure 1-a:
Diagram displaying the simplified model for bottom squark pair production.

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Figure 1-b:
Diagram displaying the simplified model for wino-like chargino-neutralino production.

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Figure 1-c:
Diagram displaying the simplified model for higgsino-like neutralino pair production in the GMSB scenario.

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Figure 1-d:
Diagram displaying the simplified model for higgsino-like neutralino pair production in the GMSB scenario.

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Figure 2:
The diphoton mass distribution for two example search bin is shown with the background-only fit (left) and the signal-plus-background fit (right) to illustrate the signal extraction procedure. The search region bins shown corresponds to the $\mathrm{H} \mathrm{b} \mathrm{\bar{b}} {p_{\mathrm {T}}} ^{125}, {m_{\mathrm {T2}}} ^{0} $ category, bin 21, of the SP analysis (upper) and the Muon Low-$ {p_{\mathrm {T}}} $ category, bin 2, of the EWP analysis (lower).

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Figure 2-a:
The diphoton mass distribution for two example search bin is shown with the background-only fit to illustrate the signal extraction procedure. The search region bins shown corresponds to the $\mathrm{H} \mathrm{b} \mathrm{\bar{b}} {p_{\mathrm {T}}} ^{125}, {m_{\mathrm {T2}}} ^{0} $ category, bin 21, of the SP analysis.

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Figure 2-b:
The diphoton mass distribution for two example search bin is shown with the signal-plus-background fit to illustrate the signal extraction procedure. The search region bins shown corresponds to the $\mathrm{H} \mathrm{b} \mathrm{\bar{b}} {p_{\mathrm {T}}} ^{125}, {m_{\mathrm {T2}}} ^{0} $ category, bin 21, of the SP analysis.

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Figure 2-c:
The diphoton mass distribution for two example search bin is shown with the background-only fit to illustrate the signal extraction procedure.

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Figure 2-d:
The diphoton mass distribution for two example search bin is shown with the signal-plus-background fit to illustrate the signal extraction procedure. The search region bins shown corresponds to the Muon Low-$ {p_{\mathrm {T}}} $ category, bin 2, of the EWP analysis.

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Figure 3:
The observed 95% CL upper limits on the bottom squark pair production cross section are shown for the SP analysis. The bold and light solid black contours represent the observed exclusion region and the $\pm $1 standard deviation (s.d.) band, including both experimental and theoretical uncertainties. The analogous red dotted contours represent the expected exclusion region and its $\pm $1 and $\pm $2 s.d. bands.

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Figure 4:
The observed 95% CL upper limits on the wino-like chargino-neutralino production cross section are shown for the EWP analysis. The bold and light black contours represent the observed exclusion region and the $\pm $1 standard deviation (s.d.) band, including both experimental and theoretical uncertainties. The analogous red dotted contours represent the expected exclusion region and its $\pm $1 s.d. band.

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Figure 5:
The observed 95% CL upper limits on the production cross section for higgsino-like chargino-neutralino production are shown for the EWP analysis. We present limits in the scenario where the branching fraction of $\tilde{\chi}^0_1 \to \mathrm{H} \tilde{\mathrm{G}} $ decay is 100% (left plot), and where the $\tilde{\chi}^0_1 \to \mathrm{H} \tilde{\mathrm{G}} $ and $\tilde{\chi}^0_1 \to \mathrm{Z} \tilde{\mathrm{G}} $ decays are each 50% (right plot). The dotted and solid black curves represent the expected and observed exclusion region, and the green dark and yellow light bands represent the $\pm $1 and $\pm $2 standard deviation regions, respectively. The red solid and dotted lines show the theoretical production cross section and its uncertainty band.

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Figure 5-a:
The observed 95% CL upper limits on the production cross section for higgsino-like chargino-neutralino production are shown for the EWP analysis. We present limits in the scenario where the branching fraction of $\tilde{\chi}^0_1 \to \mathrm{H} \tilde{\mathrm{G}} $ decay is 100%. The dotted and solid black curves represent the expected and observed exclusion region, and the green dark and yellow light bands represent the $\pm $1 and $\pm $2 standard deviation regions, respectively. The red solid and dotted lines show the theoretical production cross section and its uncertainty band.

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Figure 5-b:
The observed 95% CL upper limits on the production cross section for higgsino-like chargino-neutralino production are shown for the EWP analysis. We present limits in the scenario where the $\tilde{\chi}^0_1 \to \mathrm{H} \tilde{\mathrm{G}} $ and $\tilde{\chi}^0_1 \to \mathrm{Z} \tilde{\mathrm{G}} $ decays are each 50%. The dotted and solid black curves represent the expected and observed exclusion region, and the green dark and yellow light bands represent the $\pm $1 and $\pm $2 standard deviation regions, respectively. The red solid and dotted lines show the theoretical production cross section and its uncertainty band.

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Figure 6:
The observed 95% CL upper limits on the bottom squark pair production cross section for the EWP analysis (upper plot), and on the wino-like chargino-neutralino production cross section for the SP analysis (lower plot), are shown. The bold and light solid black contours represent the observed exclusion region and the $\pm $1 standard deviation (s.d.) band, including both experimental and theoretical uncertainties. The analogous red dotted contours represent the expected exclusion region and its $\pm $1 s.d. band.

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Figure 6-a:
The observed 95% CL upper limits on the bottom squark pair production cross section for the EWP analysis, are shown. The bold and light solid black contours represent the observed exclusion region and the $\pm $1 standard deviation (s.d.) band, including both experimental and theoretical uncertainties. The analogous red dotted contours represent the expected exclusion region and its $\pm $1 s.d. band.

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Figure 6-b:
The observed 95% CL upper limits on the wino-like chargino-neutralino production cross section for the SP analysis, are shown. The bold and light solid black contours represent the observed exclusion region and the $\pm $1 standard deviation (s.d.) band, including both experimental and theoretical uncertainties. The analogous red dotted contours represent the expected exclusion region and its $\pm $1 s.d. band.

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Figure 7:
The observed 95% CL upper limits on the production cross section for higgsino-like chargino-neutralino production are shown for the SP analysis. The charginos and neutralinos undergo several cascade decays producing either Higgs bosons (left plot), or a Higgs boson and a $\mathrm{Z} $ boson (right plot). We present limits in the scenario where the branching fraction of $\tilde{\chi}^0_1 \to \mathrm{H} \tilde{\mathrm{G}} $ decay is 100% (left plot), and where the $\tilde{\chi}^0_1 \to \mathrm{H} \tilde{\mathrm{G}} $ and $\tilde{\chi}^0_1 \to \mathrm{Z} \tilde{\mathrm{G}} $ decays are each 50% (right plot). The dotted and solid black curves represent the expected and observed exclusion region, and the green dark and yellow light bands represent the $\pm $1 and $\pm $2 standard deviation regions, respectively. The red solid and dotted lines show the theoretical production cross section and its uncertainty band.

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Figure 7-a:
The observed 95% CL upper limits on the production cross section for higgsino-like chargino-neutralino production are shown for the SP analysis. The charginos and neutralinos undergo several cascade decays producing Higgs bosons. We present limits in the scenario where the branching fraction of $\tilde{\chi}^0_1 \to \mathrm{H} \tilde{\mathrm{G}} $ decay is 100%. The dotted and solid black curves represent the expected and observed exclusion region, and the green dark and yellow light bands represent the $\pm $1 and $\pm $2 standard deviation regions, respectively. The red solid and dotted lines show the theoretical production cross section and its uncertainty band.

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Figure 7-b:
The observed 95% CL upper limits on the production cross section for higgsino-like chargino-neutralino production are shown for the SP analysis. The charginos and neutralinos undergo several cascade decays producing a Higgs boson and a $\mathrm{Z} $ boson. We present limits in the scenario where the $\tilde{\chi}^0_1 \to \mathrm{H} \tilde{\mathrm{G}} $ and $\tilde{\chi}^0_1 \to \mathrm{Z} \tilde{\mathrm{G}} $ decays are each 50%. The dotted and solid black curves represent the expected and observed exclusion region, and the green dark and yellow light bands represent the $\pm $1 and $\pm $2 standard deviation regions, respectively. The red solid and dotted lines show the theoretical production cross section and its uncertainty band.
Tables

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Table 1:
A summary of the search region bins used in the EWP analysis. Events are separated into categories based on the number of leptons, the presence of $ {\mathrm{H} \to \mathrm{b} \mathrm{\bar{b}}} $ candidates, the $ {p_{\mathrm {T}}} $ of the $ {\mathrm{H} \to \gamma \gamma} $ candidate, and the estimated diphoton mass resolution. The High-Res and Low-Res categories are defined by the estimated diphoton resolution mass $\sigma _{m}/m$ being smaller or larger than 0.85%, respectively. For the Two-Lepton category, "No req.'' means that no requirements are placed on the given observables.

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Table 2:
A summary of the search region bins in the leptonic and Higgs boson categories used in the SP analysis, along with the requirements on ${{p_{\mathrm {T}}} ^{\gamma \gamma} / m_{\gamma \gamma}}$ and ${m_{\mathrm {T2}}}$. There are no explicit requirements on the number of jets or b-tagged jets for these categories. For the Two-Lepton category, "No req.'' means that no requirements are placed on the given observables.

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Table 3:
A summary of the search region bins in the leptonic and Higgs boson categories used in the SP analysis, along with the requirements on ${{p_{\mathrm {T}}} ^{\gamma \gamma} / m_{\gamma \gamma}}$ and ${m_{\mathrm {T2}}}$. "No req.'' means that no requirements are placed on the given observables.

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Table 4:
Summary of systematic uncertainties on the SM Higgs boson background and signal yield predictions, and the size of their effect on the signal yield.

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Table 5:
The observed data, fitted nonresonant background yields, and SM Higgs boson background yields within the mass window between 122 and 129 GeV are shown for each search region bin in the $\mathrm{H} \mathrm{b} \mathrm{\bar{b}} $, $\mathrm{Z} \mathrm{b} \mathrm{\bar{b}} $, and leptonic categories of the SP analysis. The uncertainties quoted are the fit uncertainties, which include the impact of all systematic uncertainties. The bin names give a short-form description of the search region bin definition which are given in full in Table 2. The labels $ {p_{\mathrm {T}}} ^{0}$, $ {p_{\mathrm {T}}} ^{75}$, and $ {p_{\mathrm {T}}} ^{125}$ refer to bins defined by the requirement that ${{p_{\mathrm {T}}} ^{\gamma \gamma} / m_{\gamma \gamma}}$ is less than 0.6, between 0.6 and 1.0, and greater than 1.0, respectively. The labels $ {m_{\mathrm {T2}}} ^{0}$ and $ {m_{\mathrm {T2}}} ^{30}$ refer to bins defined by the requirement that ${m_{\mathrm {T2}}}$ is less than and greater than 30 GeV, respectively.

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Table 6:
The observed data, fitted nonresonant background yields, and SM Higgs boson background yields within the mass window between 122 and 129 GeV are shown for each search region bin in the all-hadronic categories of the SP analysis. The uncertainties quoted are the fit uncertainties, which include the impact of all systematic uncertainties. The bin names give a short-form description of the search region bin definition which are given in full in Table 3. The labels $ {p_{\mathrm {T}}} ^{0}$, $ {p_{\mathrm {T}}} ^{75}$, and $ {p_{\mathrm {T}}} ^{125}$ refer to bins defined by the requirement that ${{p_{\mathrm {T}}} ^{\gamma \gamma} / m_{\gamma \gamma}}$ is less than 0.6, between 0.6 and 1.0, and greater than 1.0, respectively. The labels $ {m_{\mathrm {T2}}} ^{0}$ and $ {m_{\mathrm {T2}}} ^{30}$ refer to bins defined by the requirement that ${m_{\mathrm {T2}}}$ is less than and greater than 30 GeV, respectively.

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Table 7:
The observed data, fitted nonresonant background yields, and SM Higgs boson background yields within the mass window between 122 and 129 GeV are shown for each search region bin of the EWP analysis. The uncertainties quoted are the fit uncertainties, which include the impact of all systematic uncertainties.

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Table 8:
The expected signal yields for the SUSY simplified model signals considered are shown for each search region bin in the $\mathrm{H} \mathrm{b} \mathrm{\bar{b}} $, $\mathrm{Z} \mathrm{b} \mathrm{\bar{b}} $, and leptonic categories of the SP analysis. The bin names give a short-form description of the search region bin definition which are given in full in Table 2. The labels $ {p_{\mathrm {T}}} ^{0}$, $ {p_{\mathrm {T}}} ^{75}$, and $ {p_{\mathrm {T}}} ^{125}$ refer to bins defined by the requirement that ${{p_{\mathrm {T}}} ^{\gamma \gamma} / m_{\gamma \gamma}}$ is less than 0.6, between 0.6 and 1.0, and greater than 1.0, respectively. The labels $ {m_{\mathrm {T2}}} ^{0}$ and $ {m_{\mathrm {T2}}} ^{30}$ refer to bins defined by the requirement that ${m_{\mathrm {T2}}}$ is less than and greater than 30 GeV, respectively. The labels $\mathrm{H} \mathrm{H} $ and $\mathrm{Z} \mathrm{H} $ refer to the signal models for higgsino-like chargino and neutralino production where the branching fractions of the decays $\tilde{\chi}^0_1 \to \mathrm{H} \tilde{\mathrm{G}} $ and $\tilde{\chi}^0_1 \to \mathrm{Z} \tilde{\mathrm{G}} $ are 100% and 0%, and 50% and 50%, respectively. For the above two scenarios, the mass of the chargino and next-to-lightest neutralino is 175 GeV, while the LSP mass is 45 GeV. The label $\mathrm{W} \mathrm{H} $ (200,1) refers to the signal model for wino-like chargino and neutralino production, where the mass of the chargino and next-to-lightest neutralino is 200 GeV and the LSP mass is 1 GeV. The labels $\tilde{\mathrm{b}} (450,1) $ and $\tilde{\mathrm{b}} (450,300)$ refer to the signal models for bottom squark pair production where the bottom squark mass is 450 GeV and the LSP mass is 1 and 300 GeV, respectively.

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Table 9:
The expected signal yields for the SUSY simplified model signals considered are shown for each search region bin in the all-hadronic categories of the SP analysis. The bin names give a short-form description of the search region bin definition which are given in full in Table 3. The labels $ {p_{\mathrm {T}}} ^{0}$, $ {p_{\mathrm {T}}} ^{75}$, and $ {p_{\mathrm {T}}} ^{125}$ refer to bins defined by the requirement that ${{p_{\mathrm {T}}} ^{\gamma \gamma} / m_{\gamma \gamma}}$ is less than 0.6, between 0.6 and 1.0, and greater than 1.0, respectively. The labels $ {m_{\mathrm {T2}}} ^{0}$ and $ {m_{\mathrm {T2}}} ^{30}$ refer to bins defined by the requirement that ${m_{\mathrm {T2}}}$ is less than and greater than 30 GeV, respectively. The labels for the different signal models are explained in detail in the caption of Table 8.

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Table 10:
The expected signal yields for the SUSY simplified model signals considered are shown for each search region bin of the EWP analysis. The category that each search region bin belongs to is also indicated in the table. The search region bins definitions are summarized in Table 1. The labels for the different signal models are explained in detail in the caption of Table 8.
Summary
We have presented a search for supersymmetry (SUSY) in the final state with a Higgs boson (H) decaying to a photon pair, using data collected with the CMS detector at the LHC in 2016 and 2017, corresponding to 77.5 fb$^{-1}$ of integrated luminosity. To improve the sensitivity over previously published results, we pursue two complementary strategies that are optimized for strong and electroweak SUSY production, respectively. Photon pairs in the central region of the detector are used to reconstruct Higgs boson candidates. Charged leptons and b jets are used to tag the decay products of an additional boson, while kinematic quantities such as $m_{\mathrm{T2}}$ and the razor variables ${M_{\mathrm{R}}}$ and ${R^2} $ are used to suppress standard model backgrounds. Data driven fits determine the shape of the nonresonant background. The resonant background from standard model Higgs boson production is estimated from simulation. The results are interpreted in terms of exclusion limits on the production cross section of simplified models of bottom squark pair production and chargino-neutralino production. As a result of the improvements in the event categorization and the larger data set, we extend the mass limits over the previous best results [8,9] by about 100 GeV for bottom squark pair production and about 50 GeV for chargino-neutralino production. We exclude bottom squark pair production for bottom squark masses below 530 GeV for a lightest SUSY particle (LSP) mass of 1 GeV; wino-like chargino-neutralino production, for chargino and neutralino masses of up to 235 GeV and an LSP mass of 1 GeV; and higgsino-like chargino-neutralino production, for chargino and neutralino masses of up to 290 and 230 GeV for the cases where the branching fraction of the lightest neutralino $\tilde{\chi}^0_1\to \mathrm{H}\tilde{\mathrm{G}}$ decay is 100%, and where the branching fractions of the $\tilde{\chi}^0_1\to\mathrm{H}\tilde{\mathrm{G}}$ and $\tilde{\chi}^0_1\to\mathrm{Z}\tilde{\mathrm{G}}$ decays are both 50%, respectively.

An example code snippet to compute the variables MR and R^2 is provided at this link. Please see the function ComputeRazorVariables which takes as input TLorentzVector objects for the four-momenta of the two photons from the Higgs decay, a vector of TLorentzVector objects of all jets in the event with transverse momentum larger than 30 GeV, and a TLorentzVector for the missing transverse energy. The variables MR and Rsq are computed and passed by reference.
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Compact Muon Solenoid
LHC, CERN