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| CMS-FSQ-12-033 ; TOTEM-2020-001 ; CERN-EP-2019-260 | ||
| Measurement of single-diffractive dijet production in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s} = $ 8 TeV with the CMS and TOTEM experiments | ||
| CMS Collaboration | ||
| 27 February 2020 | ||
| Eur. Phys. J. C 80 (2020) 1164 [Erratum] | ||
| Abstract: Measurements are presented of the single-diffractive dijet cross section and the diffractive cross section as a function of the proton fractional momentum loss $\xi$ and the four-momentum transfer squared $t$. Both processes ${\mathrm{p}}{\mathrm{p}} \to {\mathrm{p}}\mathrm{X}$ and ${\mathrm{p}}{\mathrm{p}} \to \mathrm{X}{\mathrm{p}}$, ie with the proton scattering to either side of the interaction point, are measured, where $\mathrm{X}$ includes at least two jets; the results of the two processes are averaged. The analyses are based on data collected simultaneously with the CMS and TOTEM detectors at the LHC in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s} = $ 8 TeV during a dedicated run with $\beta^{\ast} = $ 90 m at low instantaneous luminosity and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 37.5 nb$^{-1}$ . The single-diffractive dijet cross section $\sigma^{{\mathrm{p}}\mathrm{X}}_{\mathrm{jj}}$, in the kinematic region $\xi < $ 0.1, 0.03 $ < |t| < $ 1 GeV$^2$, with at least two jets with transverse momentum ${p_{\mathrm{T}}} > $ 40 GeV, and pseudorapidity $|{\eta}| < $ 4.4, is 21.7 $\pm$ 0.9 (stat) $^{+3.0}_{-3.3}$ (syst) $\pm$ 0.9 (lumi) nb. The ratio of the single-diffractive to inclusive dijet yields, normalised per unit of $\xi$, is presented as a function of $x$, the longitudinal momentum fraction of the proton carried by the struck parton. The ratio in the kinematic region defined above, for $x$ values in the range $-2.9 \leq \log_{10} x \leq -1.6$, is $R = (\sigma^{{\mathrm{p}}\mathrm{X}}_{\mathrm{jj}}/\Delta\xi)/\sigma_{\mathrm{jj}} = $ 0.025 $\pm$ 0.001 (stat) $\pm$ 0.003 (syst), where $\sigma^{{\mathrm{p}}\mathrm{X}}_{\mathrm{jj}}$ and $\sigma_{\mathrm{jj}}$ are the single-diffractive and inclusive dijet cross sections, respectively. The results are compared with predictions from models of diffractive and nondiffractive interactions. Monte Carlo predictions based on the HERA diffractive parton distribution functions agree well with the data when corrected for the effect of soft rescattering between the spectator partons. We dedicate this paper to the memory of our colleague and friend Sasha Proskuryakov, who started this analysis but passed away before it was completed. His contribution to the study of diffractive processes at CMS is invaluable. | ||
| Links: e-print arXiv:2002.12146 [hep-ex] (PDF) ; CDS record ; inSPIRE record ; HepData record ; CADI line (restricted) ; | ||
| Figures | |
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Figure 1:
Schematic diagram of single-diffractive dijet production. The exchange of a virtual object with the vacuum quantum numbers (i.e. a Pomeron) is indicated by the symbol P. The diagram shows an example of the $\mathrm{g} \mathrm{g} \to \text {dijet}$ hard scattering process; the $\mathrm{q} \mathrm{q} $ and $\mathrm{g} \mathrm{q} $ initial states also contribute. |
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Figure 2:
Distribution of $\xi _{\text {CMS}} - \xi _{\text {TOTEM}}$ for events with a reconstructed proton in sector 45 (left) and sector 56 (right). The data are indicated by solid circles. The blue histogram is the mixture of POMWIG or PYTHIA6 and zero bias (ZB) data events described in the text. An event with a proton measured in the RPs contributes to the open histogram (signal) if the proton originates from the MC sample, or to the filled histogram (background) if it originates from the ZB sample. |
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Figure 2-a:
Distribution of $\xi _{\text {CMS}} - \xi _{\text {TOTEM}}$ for events with a reconstructed proton in sector 45. The data are indicated by solid circles. The blue histogram is the mixture of POMWIG or PYTHIA6 and zero bias (ZB) data events described in the text. An event with a proton measured in the RPs contributes to the open histogram (signal) if the proton originates from the MC sample, or to the filled histogram (background) if it originates from the ZB sample. |
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Figure 2-b:
Distribution of $\xi _{\text {CMS}} - \xi _{\text {TOTEM}}$ for events with a reconstructed proton in sector 56. The data are indicated by solid circles. The blue histogram is the mixture of POMWIG or PYTHIA6 and zero bias (ZB) data events described in the text. An event with a proton measured in the RPs contributes to the open histogram (signal) if the proton originates from the MC sample, or to the filled histogram (background) if it originates from the ZB sample. |
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Figure 3:
Distribution of $\xi _{\text {{TOTEM}}}$ before (upper) and after (middle) the $\xi _{\text {CMS}} - \xi _{\text {{TOTEM}}}$ requirement and distribution of $t$ after the $\xi _{\text {CMS}} - \xi _{\text {{TOTEM}}}$ requirement (lower) for events in which the proton is detected in sector 45 (left) and sector 56 (right). The data are indicated by solid circles. The blue histogram is the mixture of POMWIG or PYTHIA6 and zero bias (ZB) data events described in the text. An event with the proton measured in the RPs contributes to the open histogram (signal) if the proton originates from the MC sample, or to the filled histogram (background) if it originates from the ZB sample. |
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Figure 3-a:
Distribution of $\xi _{\text {{TOTEM}}}$ before afterthe $\xi _{\text {CMS}} - \xi _{\text {{TOTEM}}}$ requirement for events in which the proton is detected in sector 45. The data are indicated by solid circles. The blue histogram is the mixture of POMWIG or PYTHIA6 and zero bias (ZB) data events described in the text. An event with the proton measured in the RPs contributes to the open histogram (signal) if the proton originates from the MC sample, or to the filled histogram (background) if it originates from the ZB sample. |
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Figure 3-b:
Distribution of $\xi _{\text {{TOTEM}}}$ before afterthe $\xi _{\text {CMS}} - \xi _{\text {{TOTEM}}}$ requirement for events in which the proton is detected in sector 56. The data are indicated by solid circles. The blue histogram is the mixture of POMWIG or PYTHIA6 and zero bias (ZB) data events described in the text. An event with the proton measured in the RPs contributes to the open histogram (signal) if the proton originates from the MC sample, or to the filled histogram (background) if it originates from the ZB sample. |
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Figure 3-c:
Distribution of $\xi _{\text {{TOTEM}}}$ before afterthe $\xi _{\text {CMS}} - \xi _{\text {{TOTEM}}}$ requirement for events in which the proton is detected in sector 45. The data are indicated by solid circles. The blue histogram is the mixture of POMWIG or PYTHIA6 and zero bias (ZB) data events described in the text. An event with the proton measured in the RPs contributes to the open histogram (signal) if the proton originates from the MC sample, or to the filled histogram (background) if it originates from the ZB sample. |
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Figure 3-d:
Distribution of $\xi _{\text {{TOTEM}}}$ before afterthe $\xi _{\text {CMS}} - \xi _{\text {{TOTEM}}}$ requirement for events in which the proton is detected in sector 56. The data are indicated by solid circles. The blue histogram is the mixture of POMWIG or PYTHIA6 and zero bias (ZB) data events described in the text. An event with the proton measured in the RPs contributes to the open histogram (signal) if the proton originates from the MC sample, or to the filled histogram (background) if it originates from the ZB sample. |
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Figure 3-e:
Distribution of $t$ after the $\xi _{\text {CMS}} - \xi _{\text {{TOTEM}}}$ requirement for events in which the proton is detected in sector 45. The data are indicated by solid circles. The blue histogram is the mixture of POMWIG or PYTHIA6 and zero bias (ZB) data events described in the text. An event with the proton measured in the RPs contributes to the open histogram (signal) if the proton originates from the MC sample, or to the filled histogram (background) if it originates from the ZB sample. |
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Figure 3-f:
Distribution of $t$ after the $\xi _{\text {CMS}} - \xi _{\text {{TOTEM}}}$ requirement for events in which the proton is detected in sector 56. The data are indicated by solid circles. The blue histogram is the mixture of POMWIG or PYTHIA6 and zero bias (ZB) data events described in the text. An event with the proton measured in the RPs contributes to the open histogram (signal) if the proton originates from the MC sample, or to the filled histogram (background) if it originates from the ZB sample. |
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Figure 4:
Differential cross section as a function of $t$ (left) and as a function of $\xi $ (right) for single-diffractive dijet production, compared to the predictions from POMWIG, PYTHIA8 4C, PYTHIA8 CUETP8M1, and PYTHIA8 DG. The POMWIG prediction is shown with no correction for the rapidity gap survival probability ($< S^{2} > = $ 1) and with a correction of $< S^{2} > = $ 7.4%. The vertical bars indicate the statistical uncertainties and the yellow band indicates the total systematic uncertainty. The average of the results for events in which the proton is detected on either side of the interaction point is shown. The ratio between the data and the POMWIG prediction, when no correction for the rapidity gap survival probability is applied, is shown in the bottom. |
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Figure 4-a:
Differential cross section as a function of $t$ for single-diffractive dijet production, compared to the predictions from POMWIG, PYTHIA8 4C, PYTHIA8 CUETP8M1, and PYTHIA8 DG. The POMWIG prediction is shown with no correction for the rapidity gap survival probability ($< S^{2} > = $ 1) and with a correction of $< S^{2} > = $ 7.4%. The vertical bars indicate the statistical uncertainties and the yellow band indicates the total systematic uncertainty. The average of the results for events in which the proton is detected on either side of the interaction point is shown. The ratio between the data and the POMWIG prediction, when no correction for the rapidity gap survival probability is applied, is shown in the bottom. |
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Figure 4-b:
Differential cross section as a function of $\xi $ for single-diffractive dijet production, compared to the predictions from POMWIG, PYTHIA8 4C, PYTHIA8 CUETP8M1, and PYTHIA8 DG. The POMWIG prediction is shown with no correction for the rapidity gap survival probability ($< S^{2} > = $ 1) and with a correction of $< S^{2} > = $ 7.4%. The vertical bars indicate the statistical uncertainties and the yellow band indicates the total systematic uncertainty. The average of the results for events in which the proton is detected on either side of the interaction point is shown. The ratio between the data and the POMWIG prediction, when no correction for the rapidity gap survival probability is applied, is shown in the bottom. |
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Figure 5:
Ratio per unit of $\xi $ of the single-diffractive and inclusive dijet cross sections in the region given by $\xi < $ 0.1 and 0.03 $ < {| t |} < $ 1 GeV$ ^2$, compared to the predictions from the different models for the ratio between the single-diffractive and nondiffractive cross sections. The POMWIG prediction is shown with no correction for the rapidity gap survival probability ($< S^{2} > = $ 1) (left) and with a correction of $< S^{2} > = $ 7.4% (right). The vertical bars indicate the statistical uncertainties and the yellow band indicates the total systematic uncertainty. The average of the results for events in which the proton is detected on either side of the interaction point is shown. The ratio between the data and the POMWIG prediction using PYTHIA6 or HERWIG6 as the nondiffractive contribution, when no correction for the rapidity gap survival probability is applied, is shown in the bottom of the left panel. |
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Figure 5-a:
Ratio per unit of $\xi $ of the single-diffractive and inclusive dijet cross sections in the region given by $\xi < $ 0.1 and 0.03 $ < {| t |} < $ 1 GeV$ ^2$, compared to the predictions from the different models for the ratio between the single-diffractive and nondiffractive cross sections. The POMWIG prediction is shown with no correction for the rapidity gap survival probability ($< S^{2} > = $ 1). The vertical bars indicate the statistical uncertainties and the yellow band indicates the total systematic uncertainty. The average of the results for events in which the proton is detected on either side of the interaction point is shown. The ratio between the data and the POMWIG prediction using PYTHIA6 or HERWIG6 as the nondiffractive contribution, when no correction for the rapidity gap survival probability is applied, is shown in the bottom. |
png pdf |
Figure 5-b:
Ratio per unit of $\xi $ of the single-diffractive and inclusive dijet cross sections in the region given by $\xi < $ 0.1 and 0.03 $ < {| t |} < $ 1 GeV$ ^2$, compared to the predictions from the different models for the ratio between the single-diffractive and nondiffractive cross sections. The POMWIG prediction is shown with a correction for the rapidity gap survival probability of $< S^{2} > = $ 7.4%. The vertical bars indicate the statistical uncertainties and the yellow band indicates the total systematic uncertainty. The average of the results for events in which the proton is detected on either side of the interaction point is shown. |
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Figure 6:
Ratio per unit of $\xi $ of the single-diffractive and inclusive dijet cross sections in the kinematic region given by $\xi < $ 0.1 and 0.03 $ < {| t |} < $ 1 GeV$^2$. The vertical bars indicate the statistical uncertainties and the yellow band indicates the total systematic uncertainty. The red squares represent the results obtained by CDF at $\sqrt {s} = $ 1.96 TeV for jets with $Q^2 \approx $ 100 GeV$ ^2$ and $ {| \eta |} < $ 2.5, with 0.03 $ < \xi < $ 0.09. |
| Tables | |
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Table 1:
Number of events after each selection. |
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Table 2:
Individual contributions to the systematic uncertainties in the measurement of the single-diffractive dijet production cross section in the kinematic region $ {p_{\mathrm {T}}} > $ 40 GeV, $ {| \eta |} < $ 4.4, $\xi < $ 0.1, and 0.03 $ < {| t |} < 1 GeV ^2$. The total uncertainty is the quadratic sum of the individual contributions. The uncertainty of the integrated luminosity is not shown. The minimum relative uncertainty is not shown when it is below 1%. |
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Table 3:
Individual contributions to the systematic uncertainty in the measurement of the single-diffractive to inclusive dijet yields ratio in the kinematic region $ {p_{\mathrm {T}}} > $ 40 GeV, $ {| \eta |} < $ 4.4, $\xi < $ 0.1, 0.03 $ < {| t |} < 1 GeV ^2$, and $-2.9 \leq \log_{10} x \leq -1.6$. The total uncertainty is the quadratic sum of the individual contributions. The minimum relative uncertainty is not shown when it is below 1%. |
| Summary |
|
The differential cross section for single-diffractive dijet production in proton-proton (pp) collisions at $\sqrt{s} = $ 8 TeV has been measured as a function of the proton fractional momentum loss $\xi$ and the squared four momentum transfer $t$, using the CMS and TOTEM detectors. The data, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 37.5 nb$^{-1}$, were collected using a nonstandard optics configuration with $\beta^* = $ 90 m. The processes considered are ${\mathrm{p}}{\mathrm{p}} \to {\mathrm{p}}\mathrm{X}$ or ${\mathrm{p}}{\mathrm{p}} \to \mathrm{X}{\mathrm{p}}$, with $\mathrm{X}$ including a system of two jets, in the kinematic region $\xi < $ 0.1 and 0.03 $ < |t| < $ 1.0 GeV$^2$. The two jets have transverse momentum ${p_{\mathrm{T}}} > $ 40 GeV and pseudorapidity $|{\eta}| < $ 4.4. The integrated cross section in this kinematic region is $\sigma^{{\mathrm{p}}\mathrm{X}}_\mathrm{jj} = $ 21.7 $\pm$ 0.9 (stat) $^{+3.0}_{-3.3}$ (syst) $\pm$ 0.9 (lumi) nb; it is the average of the cross sections when the proton scatters to either side of the interaction point. The exponential slope of the cross section as a function of $t$ is $b = $ 6.5 $\pm$ 0.6 (stat) $^{+1.0}_{-0.8}$ (syst) GeV$^{-2}$. This is the first measurement of hard diffraction with a measured proton at the LHC. The data are compared with the predictions of different models. After applying a normalisation shift ascribed to the rapidity gap survival probability, POMWIG agrees well with the data. The PYTHIA8 dynamic gap model describes the data well, both in shape and normalisation. In this model the effects of the rapidity gap survival probability are simulated within the framework of multiparton interactions. The PYTHIA8 dynamic gap model is the only calculation that predicts the cross section normalisation without an additional correction. The ratios of the measured single-diffractive cross section to those predicted by POMWIG and PYTHIA8 give estimates of the rapidity gap survival probability. After accounting for the correction of the dPDF normalisation due to proton dissociation, the value of $< S^{2} >$ is (9 $\pm$ 2)% when using POMWIG as the reference cross section value, with a similar result when PYTHIA8 is used. The ratio of the single-diffractive to inclusive dijet cross section has been measured as a function of the parton momentum fraction $x$. The ratio is lower than that observed at CDF at a smaller centre-of-mass energy. In the region ${p_{\mathrm{T}}} > $ 40 GeV, $|{\eta}| < $ 4.4, $\xi < $ 0.1, 0.03 $ < |t| < $ 1.0 GeV$^2$, and $-2.9 \leq \log_{10} x \leq -1.6$, the ratio, normalised per unit $\xi$, is $R = (\sigma^{{\mathrm{p}}\mathrm{X}}_{\mathrm{jj}}/\Delta\xi)/\sigma_{\mathrm{jj}} = $ 0.025 $\pm$ 0.001 (stat) $\pm$ 0.003 (syst). |
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