CMS-SUS-16-048

CMS-SUS-16-048 ; CERN-EP-2017-336
Search for new physics in events with two soft oppositely charged leptons and missing transverse momentum in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s} = $ 13 TeV
CMS Collaboration
5 January 2018
Phys. Lett. B 782 (2018) 440
Abstract: A search is presented for new physics in events with two low-momentum, oppositely charged leptons (electrons or muons) and missing transverse momentum in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. The data collected using the CMS detector at the LHC correspond to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb$^{-1}$. The observed event yields are consistent with the expectations from the standard model. The results are interpreted in terms of pair production of charginos and neutralinos ($\tilde{\chi}^{\pm}_1$ and $\tilde{\chi}^{0}_{2}$) with nearly degenerate masses, as expected in natural supersymmetry models with light higgsinos, as well as in terms of the pair production of top squarks ($\tilde{\mathrm{t}}$), when the lightest neutralino and the top squark have similar masses. At 95% confidence level, wino-like $\tilde{\chi}^{\pm}_1$/$\tilde{\chi}^{0}_{2}$ masses are excluded up to 230 GeV for a mass difference of 20 GeV relative to the lightest neutralino, a region constrained thus far only by the LEP experiments. For $\tilde{\mathrm{t}}$ pair production, top squark masses up to 450 GeV are excluded for a mass difference of 40 GeV relative to the lightest neutralino.
Links: e-print arXiv:1801.01846 [hep-ex] (PDF) ; CDS record ; inSPIRE record ; CADI line (restricted) ;

Figures & Tables	Summary	Additional Figures & Tables	References	CMS Publications

Additional information on efficiencies needed for reinterpretation of these results are available here.

Figures
png pdf	Figure 1: Production and decay of an electroweakino pair (left) and of a chargino-mediated $\tilde{\mathrm{t}} $ pair (right).
png pdf	Figure 1-a: Production and decay of an electroweakino pair.
png pdf	Figure 1-b: Production and decay of a chargino-mediated $\tilde{\mathrm{t}} $ pair.
png pdf	Figure 2: Same-sign CR for $\tilde{\mathrm{t}} $ selection and $ {{p_{\mathrm {T}}} ^\text {miss}} > $ 200 GeV. The distribution of the leading lepton $ {p_{\mathrm {T}}} $ is used as input to the final signal extraction. A signal from neutralino-chargino ($ \tilde{\chi}^{0}_2$-$ \tilde{\chi}^{\pm}_1$) production is superimposed.
png pdf	Figure 3: Left: electroweakino search regions in bins of $M(\ell \ell)$ for 125 $ < {{p_{\mathrm {T}}} ^\text {miss}} < $ 200 GeV (muon only channel) for 33.2 fb$^{-1}$ ; middle: 200 $ < {{p_{\mathrm {T}}} ^\text {miss}} < $ 250 GeV (muon and electron channel) for 35.9 fb$^{-1}$ ; right: $ {{p_{\mathrm {T}}} ^\text {miss}} > $ 250 GeV (muon and electron channel) for 35.9 fb$^{-1}$. A signal from neutralino-chargino ($ \tilde{\chi}^{0}_2$-$ \tilde{\chi}^{\pm}_1$) production is superimposed.
png pdf	Figure 3-a: Electroweakino search regions in bins of $M(\ell \ell)$ for 125 $ < {{p_{\mathrm {T}}} ^\text {miss}} < $ 200 GeV (muon only channel) for 33.2 fb$^{-1}$. A signal from neutralino-chargino ($ \tilde{\chi}^{0}_2$-$ \tilde{\chi}^{\pm}_1$) production is superimposed.
png pdf	Figure 3-b: Electroweakino search regions in bins of $M(\ell \ell)$ for 200 $ < {{p_{\mathrm {T}}} ^\text {miss}} < $ 250 GeV (muon and electron channel) for 35.9 fb$^{-1}$. A signal from neutralino-chargino ($ \tilde{\chi}^{0}_2$-$ \tilde{\chi}^{\pm}_1$) production is superimposed.
png pdf	Figure 3-c: Electroweakino search regions in bins of $M(\ell \ell)$ for $ {{p_{\mathrm {T}}} ^\text {miss}} > $ 250 GeV (muon and electron channel) for 35.9 fb$^{-1}$. A signal from neutralino-chargino ($ \tilde{\chi}^{0}_2$-$ \tilde{\chi}^{\pm}_1$) production is superimposed.
png pdf	Figure 4: Left: $ \tilde{\mathrm{t}} $ search regions in bins of leading lepton ${p_{\mathrm {T}}}$ for 125 $ < {{p_{\mathrm {T}}} ^\text {miss}} < $ 200 GeV (muon only channel) for 33.2 fb$^{-1}$ ; middle: 200 $ < {{p_{\mathrm {T}}} ^\text {miss}} < $ 300 GeV (muon and electron channel) for 35.9 fb$^{-1}$ ; right: $ {{p_{\mathrm {T}}} ^\text {miss}} > $ 300 GeV (muon and electron channel) for 35.9 fb$^{-1}$. A signal from $ \tilde{\mathrm{t}} $ pair production is superimposed.
png pdf	Figure 4-a: $ \tilde{\mathrm{t}} $ search regions in bins of leading lepton ${p_{\mathrm {T}}}$ for 125 $ < {{p_{\mathrm {T}}} ^\text {miss}} < $ 200 GeV (muon only channel) for 33.2 fb$^{-1}$. A signal from $ \tilde{\mathrm{t}} $ pair production is superimposed.
png pdf	Figure 4-b: $ \tilde{\mathrm{t}} $ search regions in bins of leading lepton ${p_{\mathrm {T}}}$ for 200 $ < {{p_{\mathrm {T}}} ^\text {miss}} < $ 300 GeV (muon and electron channel) for 35.9 fb$^{-1}$. A signal from $ \tilde{\mathrm{t}} $ pair production is superimposed.
png pdf	Figure 4-c: $ \tilde{\mathrm{t}} $ search regions in bins of leading lepton ${p_{\mathrm {T}}}$ for $ {{p_{\mathrm {T}}} ^\text {miss}} > $ 300 GeV (muon and electron channel) for 35.9 fb$^{-1}$. A signal from $ \tilde{\mathrm{t}} $ pair production is superimposed.
png pdf	Figure 5: The observed 95% CL exclusion contours (black curves) assuming the NLO+NLL cross sections, with the variations corresponding to the uncertainty in the cross section for electroweakino. The dashed (red) curves present the 95% CL expected limits with the band covering 68% of the limits in the absence of signal. Results are based on a simplified model of $ \tilde{\chi}^{0}_2 \tilde{\chi}^{\pm}_1 \to {\mathrm {Z}}^{} {\mathrm {W}}^{} \tilde{\chi}^{0}_1 \tilde{\chi}^{0}_1$ process with a pure wino production cross section.
png pdf	Figure 6: The observed 95% CL exclusion contours (black curves) assuming the NLO+NLL cross sections, with the variations corresponding to the uncertainty in the cross section for $\tilde{\mathrm{t}} $. The dashed (red) curves present the 95% CL expected limits with the band covering 68% of the limits in the absence of signal. A simplified model of the $\tilde{\mathrm{t}} $ pair production, followed by the $ \tilde{\mathrm{t}} \to {\mathrm {b}} \tilde{\chi}^{\pm}_1$ and the subsequent $ \tilde{\chi}^{\pm}_1 \to {\mathrm {W}}^{*} \tilde{\chi}^{0}_1$ decay is used for the $\tilde{\mathrm{t}} $ search. In this latter model, the mass of the $ \tilde{\chi}^{\pm}_1$ is set to be $ (m_{\tilde{\mathrm{t}} } + m_{\tilde{\chi}^{0}_1})/2$.
png pdf	Figure 7: The observed 95% CL exclusion contours (black curve) assuming the NLO cross sections, with the variations corresponding to the uncertainty in the cross sections for the higgsino pMSSM, which has been introduced in the text. The dashed (red) curves present the band covering 68% of the limits in the absence of signal. The model considers all possible production processes.
png pdf	Figure 8: The observed 95% CL exclusion contours (black curves) assuming the NLO+NLL cross sections, with the variations corresponding to the uncertainty in the cross sections for the higgsino simplified models. The dashed (red) curves present the expected limits with the associated band covering 68% of the limits in the absence of signal.

Tables
png pdf	Table 1: Common selection requirements for the signal regions. The subleading lepton ${p_{\mathrm {T}}}$ threshold is reduced to 3.5 GeV for muons in the high-$ {{p_{\mathrm {T}}} ^\text {miss}}$, $\tilde{\mathrm{t}} $-like signal region.
png pdf	Table 2: Definition of bins in the two SRs.
png pdf	Table 3: Summary of changes in selection criteria relative to Table 1 for CRs and the VV validation region (VR).
png pdf	Table 4: Data and simulation yields for the DY and ${\mathrm {t}\overline {\mathrm {t}}}$ ($2\ell $) CRs, corresponding to integrated luminosities of 35.9 fb$^{-1}$ (high-$ {{p_{\mathrm {T}}} ^\text {miss}}$ region) and 33.2 fb$^{-1}$ (low-$ {{p_{\mathrm {T}}} ^\text {miss}}$ region). The SR scale factors are derived by subtracting the other processes from the observed data count, and dividing this number by the expected event yields from simulation for the process in question. The uncertainties are statistical only.
png pdf	Table 5: Relative uncertainties in the final predictions for each individual systematic source of uncertainty.
png pdf	Table 6: The number of events observed in the data and the result of the fit of the backgrounds to the data in the electroweakino search regions. The uncertainty indicated is determined from the fit to the 33.2 and 35.9 fb$^{-1}$ integrated luminosities. Values for the ${M(\ell \ell)}$ ranges are in GeV. Rare background event yields are omitted when they do not contribute to the SR bin.
png pdf	Table 7: The number of events observed in the data and the result of the fit of the backgrounds to the data in the $ \tilde{\mathrm{t}} $ search regions. The uncertainty indicated is determined from the fit to the 33.2 and 35.9 fb$^{-1}$ integrated luminosities. Values for the $ {p_{\mathrm {T}}} (\ell _{1})$ ranges are in GeV. Rare background event yields are omitted when they do not contribute to the SR bin.

Summary

A search is presented for new physics in events with two low-momentum leptons of opposite charge and missing transverse momentum in data collected by the CMS experiment at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of up to 35.9 fb$^{-1}$. The data are found to be consistent with standard model expectations. The results are interpreted in the framework of supersymmetric simplified models targeting electroweakino mass-degenerate spectra and $\tilde{\mathrm{t}}$-$\tilde{\chi}^{0}_1$ mass-degenerate benchmark models. For the $\tilde{\mathrm{t}} $ chargino-mediated decay into $\mathrm{b}\mathrm{W}^{*}\tilde{\chi}^{0}_1$, top squark masses of up to 450 GeV are excluded in a simplified model for $\Delta m (\tilde{\mathrm{t}},\tilde{\chi}^{0}_1) = $ 40 GeV. The search further probes the $\tilde{\chi}^{0}_2\tilde{\chi}^{\pm}_1\to \mathrm{Z}^{*}\mathrm{W}^{*}\tilde{\chi}^{0}_1\tilde{\chi}^{0}_1$ process for mass differences ($\Delta m$) between $\tilde{\chi}^{0}_2$ and $\tilde{\chi}^{0}_1$ of less than 20 GeV. Assuming wino production cross sections, $\tilde{\chi}^{0}_2$ masses up to 230 GeV are excluded for $\Delta m$ of 20 GeV. The search is also sensitive to higgsino production; in a simplified higgsino model, $\tilde{\chi}^{0}_2$ masses up to 167 GeV are excluded for $\Delta m$ of 15 GeV, while in a higgsino pMSSM, limits in the higgsino-bino mass parameters $\mu$-$M_1$ plane are extracted.

Additional Figures
png pdf root	Additional Figure 1: Covariance matrix for the expected backgrounds from the predictive fit in the electroweakino search region. The definition of the SRs can be found in Table 2.
png pdf root	Additional Figure 2: Covariance matrix for the expected backgrounds from the predictive fit in the electroweakino search region (text version). The definition of the SRs can be found in Table 2.
png pdf root	Additional Figure 3: Covariance matrix for the expected backgrounds from the predictive fit in the $\tilde{\mathrm{t}}$ search region. The definition of the SRs can be found in Table 2.
png pdf root	Additional Figure 4: Covariance matrix for the expected backgrounds from the predictive fit in the $\tilde{\mathrm{t}}$ search region (text version). The definition of the SRs can be found in Table 2.
png pdf root	Additional Figure 5: Observed significance for the electroweakino simplified model using pure wino production cross section.
png pdf root	Additional Figure 6: Observed significance for the ${\tilde{\mathrm {t}}}$ pair production simplified model.
png pdf root	Additional Figure 7: Observed significance for the higgsino pMSSM.
png pdf root	Additional Figure 8: Observed significance for the higgsino simplified model.

Additional Tables
png pdf	Additional Table 1: Signal cutflow for the low-$ {{p_{\mathrm {T}}} ^\text {miss}}$ search regions corresponding to 33.2 fb$^{-1}$ of integrated luminosity. The cutflow numbers are given for the four signal benchmark points and are represented as the mass pair ($\tilde{\chi}_2^{0}$,$\tilde{\chi}_1^{0}$) or ($\tilde{\mathrm{t}}$,$\tilde{\chi}_1^{0}$). The yields are normalized to the theoretical cross sections. Uncertainties are statistical only.
png pdf	Additional Table 2: SR keys used for covariance matrices.

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