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| CMS-HIG-16-043 ; CERN-EP-2017-181 | ||
| Observation of the Higgs boson decay to a pair of $\tau$ leptons | ||
| CMS Collaboration | ||
| 1 August 2017 | ||
| Phys. Lett. B 779 (2018) 283 | ||
| Abstract: A measurement of the coupling strength of the Higgs boson to $\tau$ leptons is performed using events recorded in proton-proton collisions by the CMS experiment at the LHC in 2016 at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. The data set corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb$^{-1}$. The $\mathrm{ H }\to \tau \tau$ signal is established with a significance of 4.9 standard deviations, to be compared to an expected significance of 4.7 standard deviations. The best fit of the product of the observed $\mathrm{ H }\to \tau \tau$ signal production cross section and branching fraction is 1.09$^{+0.27}_{-0.26}$ times the standard model expectation. The combination with the corresponding measurement performed with data collected by the CMS experiment at center-of-mass energies of 7 and 8 TeV leads to an observed significance of 5.9 standard deviations, equal to the expected significance. This is the first observation of Higgs boson decays to $\tau$ leptons by a single experiment. | ||
| Links: e-print arXiv:1708.00373 [hep-ex] (PDF) ; CDS record ; inSPIRE record ; HepData record ; CADI line (restricted) ; | ||
| Figures | |
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Figure 1:
Distributions for the signal (left) and for some dominant background processes (right) of the two observables chosen in the 0-jet (top), VBF (center), and boosted (bottom) categories in the $\mu {\tau _\mathrm {h}} $ decay channel. The background processes are chosen for illustrative purpose for their separation from the signal. The $\mathrm{ Z } \to \mu \mu $ background in the 0-jet category is concentrated in the regions where the visible mass is close to 90 GeV and is negligible when the $ {\tau _\mathrm {h}} $ candidate is reconstructed in the 3-prong decay mode. The $\mathrm{ Z } \to \tau \tau $ background in the VBF category mostly lies at low $ {m_\mathrm {jj}} $ values whereas the distribution of VBF signal events extends to high $ {m_\mathrm {jj}} $ values. In the boosted category, the W+jets background, which behaves similarly to the QCD multijet background, is rather flat with respect to $ {m_{\tau \tau }} $, and is concentrated at low $ { {p_{\mathrm {T}}} ^{\tau \tau }} $ values. These distributions are not used as such to extract the results. |
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Figure 1-a:
Distribution of the $ {m_\text {vis}} $ observable for the signal in the 0-jet category and the $\mu {\tau _\mathrm {h}} $ decay channel. |
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Figure 1-b:
Distribution of the $ {m_\text {vis}} $ observable for the $\mathrm{ Z } \to \mu \mu $ background in the 0-jet category and the $\mu {\tau _\mathrm {h}} $ decay channel. The background is concentrated in the regions where the visible mass is close to 90 GeV and is negligible when the $ {\tau _\mathrm {h}} $ candidate is reconstructed in the 3-prong decay mode. |
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Figure 1-c:
Distribution of the $ {m_{\tau \tau }} $ observable for the signal in the VBF category and the $\mu {\tau _\mathrm {h}} $ decay channel. |
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Figure 1-d:
Distribution of the $ {m_{\tau \tau }} $ observable for the $\mathrm{ Z } \to \tau \tau $ background in the VBF category the W+jets background in the boosted category and the $\mu {\tau _\mathrm {h}} $ decay channel. The background mostly lies at low $ {m_\mathrm {jj}} $ values whereas the distribution of VBF signal events extends to high $ {m_\mathrm {jj}} $ values. |
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Figure 1-e:
Distribution of the $ {m_{\tau \tau }} $ observable for the signal in the boosted category and the $\mu {\tau _\mathrm {h}} $ decay channel. |
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Figure 1-f:
Distribution of the $ {m_{\tau \tau }} $ observable for the W+jets background in the boosted category and the $\mu {\tau _\mathrm {h}} $ decay channel. The background behaves similarly to the QCD multijet background, is rather flat with respect to $ {m_{\tau \tau }} $, and is concentrated at low $ { {p_{\mathrm {T}}} ^{\tau \tau }} $ values. |
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Figure 2:
Control regions enriched in the W+jets background used in the maximum likelihood fit, together with the signal regions, to extract the results. The normalization of the predicted background distributions corresponds to the result of the global fit. These regions, defined with $ {m_\mathrm {T}} > $ 80 GeV , control the yields of the W+jets background in the $\mu {\tau _\mathrm {h}} $ and $\mathrm{ e } {\tau _\mathrm {h}} $ channels. The constraints obtained in the boosted categories are propagated to the VBF categories of the corresponding channels. |
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Figure 2-a:
Control region enriched in the W+jets background used in the maximum likelihood fit, together with the signal regions, to extract the results. This region, defined with $ {m_\mathrm {T}} > $ 80 GeV, controls the yield of the W+jets background for the $\mu {\tau _\mathrm {h}} $ channel in the 0-jet category. The normalization of the predicted background distribution corresponds to the result of the global fit. The legend is found on Fig.2-e. |
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Figure 2-b:
Control region enriched in the W+jets background used in the maximum likelihood fit, together with the signal regions, to extract the results. This region, defined with $ {m_\mathrm {T}} > $ 80 GeV, controls the yield of the W+jets background for the $\mu {\tau _\mathrm {h}} $ channel in the boosted category. The normalization of the predicted background distribution corresponds to the result of the global fit. The legend is found on Fig.2-e. |
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Figure 2-c:
Control region enriched in the W+jets background used in the maximum likelihood fit, together with the signal regions, to extract the results. This region, defined with $ {m_\mathrm {T}} > $ 80 GeV, controls the yield of the W+jets background for the $\mathrm{e} {\tau _\mathrm {h}} $ channel in the 0-jet category. The normalization of the predicted background distribution corresponds to the result of the global fit. The legend is found on Fig.2-e. |
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Figure 2-d:
Control region enriched in the W+jets background used in the maximum likelihood fit, together with the signal regions, to extract the results. This region, defined with $ {m_\mathrm {T}} > $ 80 GeV, controls the yield of the W+jets background for the $\mathrm{e} {\tau _\mathrm {h}} $ channel in the boosted category. The normalization of the predicted background distribution corresponds to the result of the global fit. The legend is found on Fig.2-e. |
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Figure 2-e:
Legend of Fig.2. |
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Figure 3:
Control regions enriched in the QCD multijet background used in the maximum likelihood fit, together with the signal regions, to extract the results. The normalization of the predicted background distributions corresponds to the result of the global fit. These regions, defined by selecting events with opposite-sign $\ell $ and $ {\tau _\mathrm {h}} $ candidates with $\ell $ passing inverted isolation conditions, control the yields of the QCD multijet background in the $\mu {\tau _\mathrm {h}} $ and $\mathrm{ e } {\tau _\mathrm {h}} $ channels. The constraints obtained in the boosted categories are propagated to the VBF categories of the corresponding channels. |
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Figure 3-a:
Control region enriched in the QCD multijet background used in the maximum likelihood fit, together with the signal regions, to extract the results. This region, defined by selecting events with opposite-sign $\ell $ and $ {\tau _\mathrm {h}} $ candidates with $\ell $ passing inverted isolation conditions, controls the yields of the QCD multijet background for the $\mu {\tau _\mathrm {h}} $ channel in the 0-jet category. The normalization of the predicted background distributions corresponds to the result of the global fit. The legend is found on Fig.3-c. |
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Figure 3-b:
Control region enriched in the QCD multijet background used in the maximum likelihood fit, together with the signal regions, to extract the results. This region, defined by selecting events with opposite-sign $\ell $ and $ {\tau _\mathrm {h}} $ candidates with $\ell $ passing inverted isolation conditions, controls the yields of the QCD multijet background for the $\mu {\tau _\mathrm {h}} $ channel in the boosted category. The normalization of the predicted background distributions corresponds to the result of the global fit. The legend is found on Fig.3-c. |
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Figure 3-c:
Legend of Fig.3. |
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Figure 3-d:
Control region enriched in the QCD multijet background used in the maximum likelihood fit, together with the signal regions, to extract the results. This region, defined by selecting events with opposite-sign $\ell $ and $ {\tau _\mathrm {h}} $ candidates with $\ell $ passing inverted isolation conditions, controls the yields of the QCD multijet background for the $\mathrm{e} {\tau _\mathrm {h}} $ channel in the 0-jet category. The normalization of the predicted background distributions corresponds to the result of the global fit. The legend is found on Fig.3-c. |
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Figure 3-e:
Control region enriched in the QCD multijet background used in the maximum likelihood fit, together with the signal regions, to extract the results. This region, defined by selecting events with opposite-sign $\ell $ and $ {\tau _\mathrm {h}} $ candidates with $\ell $ passing inverted isolation conditions, controls the yields of the QCD multijet background for the $\mathrm{e} {\tau _\mathrm {h}} $ channel in the boosted category. The normalization of the predicted background distributions corresponds to the result of the global fit. The legend is found on Fig.3-c. |
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Figure 4:
Control regions enriched in the QCD multijet background used in the maximum likelihood fit, together with the signal regions, to extract the results. The normalization of the predicted background distributions corresponds to the result of the global fit. These regions, formed by selecting events with opposite-sign $ {\tau _\mathrm {h}} $ candidates passing relaxed isolation requirements, control the yields of the QCD multijet background in the $ {\tau _\mathrm {h}} {\tau _\mathrm {h}} $ channel. |
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Figure 4-a:
Control region enriched in the QCD multijet background used in the maximum likelihood fit, together with the signal regions, to extract the results. This region, formed by selecting events with opposite-sign $ {\tau _\mathrm {h}} $ candidates passing relaxed isolation requirements, controls the yields of the QCD multijet background for the $ {\tau _\mathrm {h}} {\tau _\mathrm {h}} $ channel in the 0-jet category. The normalization of the predicted background distributions corresponds to the result of the global fit. The legend is found on Fig.4-d. |
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Figure 4-b:
Control region enriched in the QCD multijet background used in the maximum likelihood fit, together with the signal regions, to extract the results. This region, formed by selecting events with opposite-sign $ {\tau _\mathrm {h}} $ candidates passing relaxed isolation requirements, controls the yields of the QCD multijet background for the $ {\tau _\mathrm {h}} {\tau _\mathrm {h}} $ channel in the boosted category. The normalization of the predicted background distributions corresponds to the result of the global fit. The legend is found on Fig.4-d. |
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Figure 4-c:
Control region enriched in the QCD multijet background used in the maximum likelihood fit, together with the signal regions, to extract the results. This region, formed by selecting events with opposite-sign $ {\tau _\mathrm {h}} $ candidates passing relaxed isolation requirements, controls the yields of the QCD multijet background for the $ {\tau _\mathrm {h}} {\tau _\mathrm {h}} $ channel in the VBF category. The normalization of the predicted background distributions corresponds to the result of the global fit. The legend is found on Fig.4-d. |
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Figure 4-d:
Legend of Fig.4. |
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Figure 5:
Control region enriched in the ${\mathrm{ t } {}\mathrm{ \bar{t} } } $ background, used in the maximum likelihood fit, together with the signal regions, to extract the results. The normalization of the predicted background distributions corresponds to the result of the global fit. This region, defined by inverting the $p_\zeta $ requirement and rejecting events with no jet in the $\mathrm{ e } \mu $ final state, is used to estimate the yields of the ${\mathrm{ t } {}\mathrm{ \bar{t} } } $ background in all channels. |
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Figure 5-a:
Control region enriched in the ${\mathrm{ t } {}\mathrm{ \bar{t} } } $ background, used in the maximum likelihood fit, together with the signal regions, to extract the results. The normalization of the predicted background distributions corresponds to the result of the global fit. This region, defined by inverting the $p_\zeta $ requirement and rejecting events with no jet in the $\mathrm{ e } \mu $ final state, is used to estimate the yields of the ${\mathrm{ t } {}\mathrm{ \bar{t} } } $ background in all channels. The legend is found on Fig.5-b. |
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Figure 5-b:
Legend of Fig.5. |
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Figure 6:
Observed and predicted 2D distributions in the VBF category of the $ {\tau _\mathrm {h}} {\tau _\mathrm {h}} $ decay channel. The normalization of the predicted background distributions corresponds to the result of the global fit. The signal distribution is normalized to its best fit signal strength. The background histograms are stacked. The "Others" background contribution includes events from diboson and single top quark production, as well as Higgs boson decays to a pair of W bosons. The background uncertainty band accounts for all sources of background uncertainty, systematic as well as statistical, after the global fit. The signal is shown both as a stacked filled histogram and an open overlaid histogram. |
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Figure 7:
Observed and predicted 2D distributions in the VBF category of the $\mu {\tau _\mathrm {h}} $ decay channel. The description of the histograms is the same as in Fig. 6. |
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Figure 8:
Observed and predicted 2D distributions in the VBF category of the $\mathrm{ e } {\tau _\mathrm {h}} $ decay channel. The description of the histograms is the same as in Fig. 6. |
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Figure 9:
Observed and predicted 2D distributions in the VBF category of the $\mathrm{ e } \mu $ decay channel. The description of the histograms is the same as in Fig. 6. |
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Figure 10:
Observed and predicted 2D distributions in the boosted category of the $ {\tau _\mathrm {h}} {\tau _\mathrm {h}} $ decay channel. The description of the histograms is the same as in Fig. 6. |
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Figure 11:
Observed and predicted 2D distributions in the boosted category of the $\mu {\tau _\mathrm {h}} $ decay channel. The description of the histograms is the same as in Fig. 6. |
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Figure 12:
Observed and predicted 2D distributions in the boosted category of the $\mathrm{ e } {\tau _\mathrm {h}} $ decay channel. The description of the histograms is the same as in Fig. 6. |
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Figure 13:
Observed and predicted 2D distributions in the boosted category of the $\mathrm{ e } \mu $ decay channel. The description of the histograms is the same as in Fig. 6. |
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Figure 14:
Observed and predicted distributions in the 0-jet category of the $ {\tau _\mathrm {h}} {\tau _\mathrm {h}} $ decay channel. The description of the histograms is the same as in Fig. 6. |
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Figure 15:
Observed and predicted 2D distributions in the 0-jet category of the $\mu {\tau _\mathrm {h}} $ decay channel. The description of the histograms is the same as in Fig. 6. |
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Figure 16:
Observed and predicted 2D distributions in the 0-jet category of the $\mathrm{ e } {\tau _\mathrm {h}} $ decay channel. The description of the histograms is the same as in Fig. 6. |
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Figure 17:
Observed and predicted 2D distributions in the 0-jet category of the $\mathrm{ e } \mu $ decay channel. The description of the histograms is the same as in Fig. 6. |
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Figure 18:
Distribution of the decimal logarithm of the ratio between the expected signal and the sum of expected signal and expected background in each bin of the mass distributions used to extract the results, in all signal regions. The background contributions are separated by decay channel. The inset shows the corresponding difference between the observed data and expected background distributions divided by the background expectation, as well as the signal expectation divided by the background expectation. |
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Figure 19:
Combined observed and predicted $ {m_{\tau \tau }} $ distributions. The leftpane includes the VBF category of the $\mu {\tau _\mathrm {h}} $, $\mathrm{ e } {\tau _\mathrm {h}} $ and $\mathrm{ e } \mu $ channels, and the rightpane includes all other channels that make use of $ {m_{\tau \tau }} $ instead of $ {m_\text {vis}} $ for the signal strength fit. The binning reflects the one used in the 2D distributions, and does not allow merging of the two figures. The normalization of the predicted background distributions corresponds to the result of the global fit, while the signal is normalized to its best fit signal strength. The mass distributions for a constant range of the second dimension of the signal distributions are weighted according to $S/(S+B)$, where $S$ and $B$ are computed, respectively, as the signal or background contribution in the mass distribution excluding the first and last bins. The "Others" background contribution includes events from diboson, ${\mathrm{ t } {}\mathrm{ \bar{t} } } $, and single top quark production, as well as Higgs boson decay to a pair of W bosons and $\mathrm{ Z } $ bosons decaying to a pair of light leptons. The background uncertainty band accounts for all sources of background uncertainty, systematic as well as statistical, after the global fit. The inset shows the corresponding difference between the observed data and expected background distributions, together with the signal expectation. The signal yield is not affected by the reweighting. |
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Figure 19-a:
Combined observed and predicted $ {m_{\tau \tau }} $ distribution that includes the VBF category of the $\mu {\tau _\mathrm {h}} $, $\mathrm{ e } {\tau _\mathrm {h}} $ and $\mathrm{ e } \mu $ channels. The binning reflects the one used in the 2D distributions, and does not allow merging of the two figures. The normalization of the predicted background distributions corresponds to the result of the global fit, while the signal is normalized to its best fit signal strength. The mass distributions for a constant range of the second dimension of the signal distributions are weighted according to $S/(S+B)$, where $S$ and $B$ are computed, respectively, as the signal or background contribution in the mass distribution excluding the first and last bins. The "Others" background contribution includes events from diboson, ${\mathrm{ t } {}\mathrm{ \bar{t} } } $, and single top quark production, as well as Higgs boson decay to a pair of W bosons and $\mathrm{ Z } $ bosons decaying to a pair of light leptons. The background uncertainty band accounts for all sources of background uncertainty, systematic as well as statistical, after the global fit. The inset shows the corresponding difference between the observed data and expected background distributions, together with the signal expectation. The signal yield is not affected by the reweighting. |
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Figure 19-b:
Combined observed and predicted $ {m_{\tau \tau }} $ distribution that includes all channels other than the VBF category of the $\mu {\tau _\mathrm {h}} $, $\mathrm{ e } {\tau _\mathrm {h}} $ and $\mathrm{ e } \mu $ channels that make use of $ {m_{\tau \tau }} $ instead of $ {m_\text {vis}} $ for the signal strength fit. The binning reflects the one used in the 2D distributions, and does not allow merging of the two figures. The normalization of the predicted background distributions corresponds to the result of the global fit, while the signal is normalized to its best fit signal strength. The mass distributions for a constant range of the second dimension of the signal distributions are weighted according to $S/(S+B)$, where $S$ and $B$ are computed, respectively, as the signal or background contribution in the mass distribution excluding the first and last bins. The "Others" background contribution includes events from diboson, ${\mathrm{ t } {}\mathrm{ \bar{t} } } $, and single top quark production, as well as Higgs boson decay to a pair of W bosons and $\mathrm{ Z } $ bosons decaying to a pair of light leptons. The background uncertainty band accounts for all sources of background uncertainty, systematic as well as statistical, after the global fit. The inset shows the corresponding difference between the observed data and expected background distributions, together with the signal expectation. The signal yield is not affected by the reweighting. |
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Figure 20:
Local ${p}$-value and significance as a function of the SM Higgs boson mass hypothesis. The observation (red, solid) is compared to the expectation (blue, dashed) for a Higgs boson with a mass $ {m_{\mathrm{ H } }} = $ 125.09 GeV. The background includes Higgs boson decays to pairs of W bosons, with $ {m_{\mathrm{ H } }} = $ 125.09 GeV. |
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Figure 21:
Best fit signal strength per category (left) and channel (right), for $ {m_{\mathrm{ H } }} = $ 125.09 GeV. The constraints from the global fit are used to extract each of the individual best fit signal strengths. The combined best fit signal strength is $\mu = $ 1.09$ ^{+0.27} _{-0.26}$. |
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Figure 21-a:
Best fit signal strength per category, for $ {m_{\mathrm{ H } }} = $ 125.09 GeV. The constraints from the global fit are used to extract each of the individual best fit signal strengths. The combined best fit signal strength is $\mu = $ 1.09$ ^{+0.27} _{-0.26}$. |
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Figure 21-b:
Best fit signal strength per channel, for $ {m_{\mathrm{ H } }} = $ 125.09 GeV. The constraints from the global fit are used to extract each of the individual best fit signal strengths. The combined best fit signal strength is $\mu = $ 1.09$ ^{+0.27} _{-0.26}$. |
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Figure 22:
Scan of the negative log-likelihood difference as a function of $\kappa _V$ and $\kappa _f$, for $ {m_{\mathrm{ H } }} = $ 125.09 GeV. All nuisance parameters are profiled for each point. For this scan, the $\mathrm{ p } \mathrm{ p } \to \mathrm{ H } \to \mathrm{ W } \mathrm{ W } $ contribution is treated as a signal process. |
| Tables | |
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Table 1:
Kinematic selection requirements for the four di-$\tau $ decay channels. The trigger requirement is defined by a combination of trigger candidates with $ {p_{\mathrm {T}}} $ over a given threshold (in GeV ), indicated inside parentheses. The pseudorapidity thresholds come from trigger and object reconstruction constraints. The $ {p_{\mathrm {T}}} $ thresholds for the lepton selection are driven by the trigger requirements, except for the leading $ {\tau _\mathrm {h}} $ candidate in the $ {\tau _\mathrm {h}} {\tau _\mathrm {h}} $ channel, the $ {\tau _\mathrm {h}} $ candidate in the $\mu {\tau _\mathrm {h}} $ and $\mathrm{ e } {\tau _\mathrm {h}} $ channels, and the muon in the $\mathrm{ e } \mu $ channel, where they have been optimized to increase the significance of the analysis. |
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Table 2:
Category selection and observables used to build the 2D kinematic distributions. The events neither selected in the 0-jet nor in the VBF category are included in the boosted category, as denoted by "Others". |
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Table 3:
Sources of systematic uncertainty. If the global fit to the signal and control regions, described in the next section, significantly constrains these uncertainties, the values of the uncertainties after the global fit are indicated in the third column. The acronyms CR and ID stand for control region and identification, respectively. |
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Table 4:
Background and signal expectations, together with the number of observed events, for bins in the signal region for which $\log_{10}(S/(S+B))>-0.9$, where $S$ and $B$ are, respectively, the number of expected signal events for a Higgs boson with a mass $ {m_{\mathrm{ H } }} = $ 125.09 GeV and of expected background events, in those bins. The background uncertainty accounts for all sources of background uncertainty, systematic as well as statistical, after the global fit. The contribution from "other backgrounds" includes events from diboson and single top quark production, as well as Higgs boson decays to a pair of W bosons. |
| Summary |
| A measurement of the coupling of the Higgs boson to $\tau$ leptons, based on data collected in pp collisions with the CMS detector in 2016 at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, has been presented. Event categories are designed to separately target Higgs boson signal events produced by gluon or vector boson fusion. The results are extracted via maximum likelihood fits in two-dimensional planes, and give an observed significance for Higgs boson decays to $\tau$ lepton pairs of 4.9 standard deviations, to be compared with an expected significance of 4.7 standard deviations. The combination with the corresponding measurement performed at center-of-mass energies of 7 and 8 TeV with the CMS detector leads to the first observation by a single experiment of decays of the Higgs boson to pairs of $\tau$ leptons, with a significance of 5.9 standard deviations. |
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