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CMS-HIG-20-018 ; CERN-EP-2022-010

Search for light Higgs bosons from supersymmetric cascade decays in pp collisions at $\sqrt s = $ 13 TeV

CMS Collaboration

28 April 2022

Eur. Phys. J. C 83 (2023) 571

Abstract: A search is reported for pairs of light Higgs bosons (H$_{1}$) produced in supersymmetric cascade decays in final states with small missing transverse momentum. A data set of LHC pp collisions collected with the CMS detector at $\sqrt s = $ 13 TeV and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 138 fb$^{-1}$ is used. The search targets events where both H$_{1}$ bosons decay into $\mathrm{b\bar{b}}$ pairs that are reconstructed as large-radius jets using substructure techniques. No evidence is found for an excess of events beyond the background expectations of the standard model (SM). Results from the search are interpreted in the next-to-minimal supersymmetric extension of the SM, where a "singlino'' of small mass leads to squark and gluino cascade decays that can predominantly end in a highly Lorentz-boosted singlet-like H$_{1}$ and a singlino-like neutralino of small transverse momentum. Upper limits are set on the product of the squark or gluino pair production cross section and the square of the $\mathrm{b\bar{b}}$ branching fraction of the H$_{1}$ in a benchmark model containing almost mass-degenerate gluinos and light-flavour squarks. Under the assumption of an SM-like H$_{1}$ $\to\mathrm{b\bar{b}}$ branching fraction, H$_{1}$ bosons with masses in the range 40-120 GeV arising from the decays of squarks or gluinos with a mass of 1200 to 2500 GeV are excluded at 95% confidence level.

Links: e-print arXiv:2204.13532 [hep-ex] (PDF) ; CDS record ; inSPIRE record ; HepData record ; CADI line (restricted) ;

Figures
png pdf	Figure 1: Diagram of squark pair production and subsequent cascade decay in the benchmark signal model. The particle $\tilde{\chi}^{0}_{2}$ is the next-to-LSP, ${\tilde{\chi} _{\text {S}}^0}$ is the singlino-like LSP, and H$_{1}$ is the CP-even singlet-like Higgs boson.
png pdf	Figure 2: The ${H_{\mathrm {T}}}$ distribution in signal events with different values of ${m_{\text {SUSY}}}$, and in the simulated SM backgrounds, normalised to unit area. The uncertainties are statistical. All events satisfy the preselection.
png pdf	Figure 3: Distributions of simulated signal and multijet events in the 2D double-b tag discriminant plane, where the fractions of events in each bin are represented by the areas of the filled red and open blue squares, respectively. The signal parameters are $ {m_{\mathrm{H} _1}} = $ 70 GeV and $ {m_{\text {SUSY}}} = $ 2000 GeV. The kinematic selection is implemented with the masses of the two AK8 jets required to be within the set of signal and sideband mass regions defined in Section 5.2. The green, yellow, and orange shaded areas represent the tag region (TR), control region (CR), and validation region (VR), respectively. Of the plotted signal events, 65% fall within the TR.
png pdf	Figure 4: Map of mass regions used in the 2D soft-drop mass plane. The regions labelled $S_i$ are the signal mass regions, and the disjoint regions ${U_{i}}$ form the corresponding sidebands.
png pdf	Figure 5: The normalised distribution of events in the 2D soft-drop mass plane overlaid by the map of mass regions. The upper left, upper right, and middle left panels correspond to signal events for $ {m_{\text {SUSY}}} = $ 2000 GeV and ${m_{\mathrm{H} _1}}$ values of 40, 70, and 125 GeV, respectively. The panels at middle right, lower left, and lower right correspond to simulated multijet, ${\mathrm{t} {}\mathrm{\bar{t}}}$, and vector boson backgrounds, respectively. All events satisfy the TR requirement and the kinematic selection.
png pdf	Figure 5-a: The normalised distribution of events in the 2D soft-drop mass plane overlaid by the map of mass regions. The panel corresponds to signal events for $ {m_{\text {SUSY}}} = $ 2000 GeV and ${m_{\mathrm{H} _1}}$ values of 40 GeV. All events satisfy the TR requirement and the kinematic selection.
png pdf	Figure 5-b: The normalised distribution of events in the 2D soft-drop mass plane overlaid by the map of mass regions. The panel corresponds to signal events for $ {m_{\text {SUSY}}} = $ 2000 GeV and ${m_{\mathrm{H} _1}}$ values of 70 GeV. All events satisfy the TR requirement and the kinematic selection.
png pdf	Figure 5-c: The normalised distribution of events in the 2D soft-drop mass plane overlaid by the map of mass regions. The panel corresponds to signal events for $ {m_{\text {SUSY}}} = $ 2000 GeV and ${m_{\mathrm{H} _1}}$ values of 125 GeV. All events satisfy the TR requirement and the kinematic selection.
png pdf	Figure 5-d: The normalised distribution of events in the 2D soft-drop mass plane overlaid by the map of mass regions. The panel corresponds to the simulated multijet background. All events satisfy the TR requirement and the kinematic selection.
png pdf	Figure 5-e: The normalised distribution of events in the 2D soft-drop mass plane overlaid by the map of mass regions. The panel corresponds to the ${\mathrm{t} {}\mathrm{\bar{t}}}$ background. All events satisfy the TR requirement and the kinematic selection.
png pdf	Figure 5-f: The normalised distribution of events in the 2D soft-drop mass plane overlaid by the map of mass regions. The panel corresponds to the vector boson background. All events satisfy the TR requirement and the kinematic selection.
png pdf	Figure 6: Observed and expected yields in the TR for each of the 30 search regions, summed over the three data-taking years. The multijet background is estimated from data using the method described in Section 6, while the other backgrounds are simulated. Example signal distributions are shown for $ {m_{\mathrm{H} _1}} = $ 70 GeV and $ {m_{\text {SUSY}}} =$ 1200, 2000, and 2800 GeV. The error bars represent the statistical uncertainties and the hatched bands the systematic uncertainties.
png pdf	Figure 7: A comparison of the predicted and observed multijet yields in the validation region (VR), after subtraction of the other simulated backgrounds. The prediction is made separately for the three data-taking years, and the results are summed. The error bars on the data points represent their statistical uncertainties. The uncertainties in the predicted yields (statistical and systematic) are indicated by the hatched bands.
png pdf	Figure 8: Yields in all search regions after the background-only fit, summed over the three data-taking years. Example signal contributions used in the signal+background fits are shown for $ {m_{\text {SUSY}}} = $ 2200 GeV, and $ {m_{\mathrm{H} _1}} =$ 50, 90, and 125 GeV. The error bars represent the statistical uncertainties and the hatched bands the systematic uncertainties.
png pdf	Figure 9: Upper limits at 95% CL on $\sigma {\mathcal {B}} ^2$ as a function of ${m_{\mathrm{H} _1}}$, for ${m_{\text {SUSY}}}$ values of 1200 (upper), 2000 (middle), and 2800 GeV (lower). The solid and dashed black lines indicate the observed and median expected limits, respectively. The inner (green) band and the outer (yellow) band indicate the regions containing 68 and 95%, respectively, of the distribution of limits expected under the background-only hypothesis. The solid and dashed red lines show the theoretical value of $\sigma {\mathcal {B}} ^2$ and its uncertainty [21-30]. In the upper plot, these $\sigma {\mathcal {B}} ^2$ values are beyond the maximum of the vertical axis.
png pdf	Figure 9-a: Upper limits at 95% CL on $\sigma {\mathcal {B}} ^2$ as a function of ${m_{\mathrm{H} _1}}$, for ${m_{\text {SUSY}}}$ values of 1200 GeV. The solid and dashed black lines indicate the observed and median expected limits, respectively. The inner (green) band and the outer (yellow) band indicate the regions containing 68 and 95%, respectively, of the distribution of limits expected under the background-only hypothesis. The solid and dashed red lines show the theoretical value of $\sigma {\mathcal {B}} ^2$ and its uncertainty [21-30]. These $\sigma {\mathcal {B}} ^2$ values are beyond the maximum of the vertical axis.
png pdf	Figure 9-b: Upper limits at 95% CL on $\sigma {\mathcal {B}} ^2$ as a function of ${m_{\mathrm{H} _1}}$, for ${m_{\text {SUSY}}}$ values of 2000 GeV. The solid and dashed black lines indicate the observed and median expected limits, respectively. The inner (green) band and the outer (yellow) band indicate the regions containing 68 and 95%, respectively, of the distribution of limits expected under the background-only hypothesis. The solid and dashed red lines show the theoretical value of $\sigma {\mathcal {B}} ^2$ and its uncertainty [21-30].
png pdf	Figure 9-c: Upper limits at 95% CL on $\sigma {\mathcal {B}} ^2$ as a function of ${m_{\mathrm{H} _1}}$, for ${m_{\text {SUSY}}}$ values of 2800 GeV. The solid and dashed black lines indicate the observed and median expected limits, respectively. The inner (green) band and the outer (yellow) band indicate the regions containing 68 and 95%, respectively, of the distribution of limits expected under the background-only hypothesis. The solid and dashed red lines show the theoretical value of $\sigma {\mathcal {B}} ^2$ and its uncertainty [21-30].
png pdf	Figure 10: The observed 95% CL upper limit on $\sigma {\mathcal {B}} ^2 / (\sigma {\mathcal {B}} ^2)_{\textrm {theory}}$, quantified by the colour scale as a function of ${m_{\mathrm{H} _1}}$ and ${m_{\text {SUSY}}}$. The solid and dashed red lines indicate the observed excluded region and its theoretical uncertainty, respectively. The solid and dashed black lines respectively represent the expected excluded region and its 68% CL interval, under the background-only hypothesis.
png pdf	Figure A1: The observed and expected 95% CL upper limit on the product of $\sigma {\mathcal {B}} ^2$ and ${A_{\text {kin}}}$, the kinematic acceptance and efficiency for the $ {H_{\mathrm {T}}} > $ 3500 GeV region, as a function of ${m_{\mathrm{H} _1}}$. The results are independent of ${m_{\text {SUSY}}}$ within 10% in the range 1600 $ < {m_{\text {SUSY}}} < $ 2800 GeV. The solid and dashed black lines indicate the observed and median expected limits, respectively. The inner (green) band and the outer (yellow) band indicate the regions containing 68 and 95%, respectively, of the distribution of limits expected under the background-only hypothesis.

Tables
png pdf	Table 1: Inclusive pair-production cross sections calculated at approximately NNLO and NNLL in ${\alpha _\mathrm {S}}$ [21-29] for squark mass ${m_{\text {SUSY}}}$ and gluino mass 1% larger. The quoted uncertainty is obtained from variations in the choice of scales, parton distribution functions, and ${\alpha _\mathrm {S}}$.
png pdf	Table 2: The ${m_{\mathrm{H} _1}}$ values in this search and corresponding H$_{1}$ $\to\mathrm{b\bar{b}}$ branching fractions.
png pdf	Table A1: Reference values of the product of kinematic acceptance and efficiency (${A_{\text {kin}}}$) for the $ {H_{\mathrm {T}}} > $ 3500 GeV region for the benchmark signal model with different values of ${m_{\text {SUSY}}}$. These values are independent of ${m_{\mathrm{H} _1}}$ within 2% in the range 30 $ < {m_{\mathrm{H} _1}} < $ 125 GeV.

Summary

This paper presents a search for pairs of light Higgs bosons (H$_{1}$) produced in supersymmetric cascade decays. The targeted final states have small amounts of missing transverse momentum and two H$_{1}$ $\to\mathrm{b\bar{b}}$ decays that are reconstructed as large-radius jets using substructure techniques. The search is based on data from pp collisions collected by the CMS experiment at $\sqrt s = $ 13 TeV during 2016-2018, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 138 fb$^{-1}$. With no evidence found for an excess of events beyond the background expectations of the standard model (SM), the results are interpreted in the next-to-minimal supersymmetric extension of the SM (NMSSM), where a "singlino'' of small mass leads to squark and gluino cascade decays that can predominantly end in a highly Lorentz-boosted singlet-like H$_{1}$ and a singlino-like neutralino of small transverse momentum. Upper limits are set on the product of the production cross section and the square of the $\mathrm{b\bar{b}}$ branching fraction of the H$_{1}$ for an NMSSM benchmark model with almost mass-degenerate gluinos and light-flavour squarks and branching fractions of unity for the cascade decays ending with the H$_{1}$. Under the assumption of an SM-like H$_{1}$ $\to\mathrm{b\bar{b}}$ branching fraction, H$_{1}$ bosons with masses in the range 40-120 GeV, arising from the decays of squarks or gluinos with a mass from 1200 to 2500 GeV, are excluded at 95% confidence level.

Additional Figures
png pdf	Additional Figure 1: The normalised distribution of signal events in the 2D soft-drop mass plane, overlaid by the map of mass regions. The signal parameters are $ {m_{\text {SUSY}}} = $ 2000 GeV and $ {m_{\mathrm{H} _1}} = $ 30 GeV. All events satisfy the TR requirement and the kinematic selection.
png pdf	Additional Figure 2: The normalised distribution of signal events in the 2D soft-drop mass plane, overlaid by the map of mass regions. The signal parameters are $ {m_{\text {SUSY}}} = $ 2000 GeV and $ {m_{\mathrm{H} _1}} = $ 35 GeV. All events satisfy the TR requirement and the kinematic selection.
png pdf	Additional Figure 3: The normalised distribution of signal events in the 2D soft-drop mass plane, overlaid by the map of mass regions. The signal parameters are $ {m_{\text {SUSY}}} = $ 2000 GeV and $ {m_{\mathrm{H} _1}} = $ 50 GeV. All events satisfy the TR requirement and the kinematic selection.
png pdf	Additional Figure 4: The normalised distribution of signal events in the 2D soft-drop mass plane, overlaid by the map of mass regions. The signal parameters are $ {m_{\text {SUSY}}} = $ 2000 GeV and $ {m_{\mathrm{H} _1}} = $ 90 GeV. All events satisfy the TR requirement and the kinematic selection.
png pdf	Additional Figure 5: The normalised distribution of signal events in the 2D soft-drop mass plane, overlaid by the map of mass regions. The signal parameters are $ {m_{\text {SUSY}}} = $ 2000 GeV and $ {m_{\mathrm{H} _1}} = $ 110 GeV. All events satisfy the TR requirement and the kinematic selection.
png pdf	Additional Figure 6: Upper limits at 95% CL on $\sigma \mathcal {B}^2$ as a function of ${m_{\mathrm{H} _1}}$, for $ {m_{\text {SUSY}}} = $ 1600 GeV. The solid and dashed black lines indicate the observed and median expected limits, respectively. The inner (green) band and the outer (yellow) band indicate the regions containing 68 and 95%, respectively, of the distribution of limits expected under the background-only hypothesis. The solid and dashed red lines show the theoretical value of $\sigma \mathcal {B}^2$ and its uncertainty.
png pdf	Additional Figure 7: Upper limits at 95% CL on $\sigma \mathcal {B}^2$ as a function of ${m_{\mathrm{H} _1}}$, for $ {m_{\text {SUSY}}} = $ 2200 GeV. The solid and dashed black lines indicate the observed and median expected limits, respectively. The inner (green) band and the outer (yellow) band indicate the regions containing 68 and 95%, respectively, of the distribution of limits expected under the background-only hypothesis. The solid and dashed red lines show the theoretical value of $\sigma \mathcal {B}^2$ and its uncertainty.
png pdf	Additional Figure 8: Upper limits at 95% CL on $\sigma \mathcal {B}^2$ as a function of ${m_{\mathrm{H} _1}}$, for $ {m_{\text {SUSY}}} = $ 2400 GeV. The solid and dashed black lines indicate the observed and median expected limits, respectively. The inner (green) band and the outer (yellow) band indicate the regions containing 68 and 95%, respectively, of the distribution of limits expected under the background-only hypothesis. The solid and dashed red lines show the theoretical value of $\sigma \mathcal {B}^2$ and its uncertainty.
png pdf	Additional Figure 9: Upper limits at 95% CL on $\sigma \mathcal {B}^2$ as a function of ${m_{\mathrm{H} _1}}$, for $ {m_{\text {SUSY}}} = $ 2600 GeV. The solid and dashed black lines indicate the observed and median expected limits, respectively. The inner (green) band and the outer (yellow) band indicate the regions containing 68 and 95%, respectively, of the distribution of limits expected under the background-only hypothesis. The solid and dashed red lines show the theoretical value of $\sigma \mathcal {B}^2$ and its uncertainty.

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