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| CMS-PAS-HIN-21-016 | ||
| Multiplicity dependence of charm baryon and meson production in pPb collisions at 8.16 TeV | ||
| CMS Collaboration | ||
| 28 March 2023 | ||
| Abstract: Measurements of charm baryon, $ \Lambda_{\rm c}^{+} $, and meson, D$^{0}$, production yields in proton-lead collisions at a nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energy of 8.16 TeV are presented over a wide range of event charged track multiplicities. The data were collected in 2016 with the CMS experiment with an integrated luminosity of 186 nb$^{-1}$. The $ \Lambda_{\rm c}^{+} $ baryon is reconstructed from the decay channel $ \Lambda_{\mathrm{c}}^{+} \rightarrow \mathrm{K}_{\mathrm{S}}^{0}\;\mathrm{p} $ while D$^{0}$ meson is reconstructed via $ \mathrm{D}^{0}\rightarrow \mathrm{K}^-\;\pi^+ $. The $ \Lambda_{\rm c}^{+} $ baryon and D$^{0}$ meson yields are extracted in several event multiplicity classes, up to the highest multiplicity of about 250 where long-range collective azimuthal correlations are observed for charm mesons. The production ratio of $ \Lambda_{\rm c}^{+} $ to D$^{0}$ is studied to explore the charm hadronization mechanism possibly in presence of a dense medium produced in high-multiplicity pPb collisions. Within uncertainties, the $ \Lambda_{\rm c}^{+} $-to-D$^{0}$ yield ratio is found to be consistent between the highest and the lowest multiplicities investigated, unlike the previously observed ratio of $ \Lambda $/$ \overline{\Lambda} $-to-$ {\mathrm{K}}_{\mathrm{S}}^{0} $ in pPb collisions which shows a strong multiplicity dependence. Moreover, the $ \Lambda_{\mathrm{c}}^{+} $-to-D$^{0}$ yield ratio is smaller than the $ \Lambda $/$ \overline{\Lambda} $-to-$ {\mathrm{K}}_{\mathrm{S}}^{0} $ one. The observation reported may indicate different event multiplicity evolution of hadronization mechanism for charm quarks than light flavor strange quarks, and provides new constraints to understand heavy flavor production and collectivity in high-multiplicity small-system collisions. | ||
| Links: CDS record (PDF) ; CADI line (restricted) ; | ||
| Figures & Tables | Summary | Additional Figures | References | CMS Publications |
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| Figures | |
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Figure 1:
The mass spectra and fit for $ \Lambda_{c}^{+} $ candidates with 3 $ < p_{\mathrm{T}} < $ 4 GeV and $ -$1.46 $ < y_{\rm cm} < $ 0.54. Left: the mass spectra in the multiplicity class with 185 $ \leq N_\text{trk}^\text{offline} < $ 250. Right: the mass spectra in the multiplicity class with 2 $ \leq N_\text{trk}^\text{offline} < $ 35. |
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Figure 1-a:
The mass spectra and fit for $ \Lambda_{c}^{+} $ candidates with 3 $ < p_{\mathrm{T}} < $ 4 GeV and $ -$1.46 $ < y_{\rm cm} < $ 0.54. Left: the mass spectra in the multiplicity class with 185 $ \leq N_\text{trk}^\text{offline} < $ 250. Right: the mass spectra in the multiplicity class with 2 $ \leq N_\text{trk}^\text{offline} < $ 35. |
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Figure 1-b:
The mass spectra and fit for $ \Lambda_{c}^{+} $ candidates with 3 $ < p_{\mathrm{T}} < $ 4 GeV and $ -$1.46 $ < y_{\rm cm} < $ 0.54. Left: the mass spectra in the multiplicity class with 185 $ \leq N_\text{trk}^\text{offline} < $ 250. Right: the mass spectra in the multiplicity class with 2 $ \leq N_\text{trk}^\text{offline} < $ 35. |
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Figure 2:
Transverse momentum spectra for $ \Lambda_{c}^{+} $ and $ \mathrm{D^0} $ mesons with $ -$1.46 $< y_{\rm cm} < $ 0.54 in different multiplicity classes. Left: $ \Lambda_{c}^{+} $ baryons. Right: $ \mathrm{D^0} $ mesons. The uncertainty bars are for statistic uncertainties while the shaded areas represent the systematic uncertainties. |
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Figure 2-a:
Transverse momentum spectra for $ \Lambda_{c}^{+} $ and $ \mathrm{D^0} $ mesons with $ -$1.46 $< y_{\rm cm} < $ 0.54 in different multiplicity classes. Left: $ \Lambda_{c}^{+} $ baryons. Right: $ \mathrm{D^0} $ mesons. The uncertainty bars are for statistic uncertainties while the shaded areas represent the systematic uncertainties. |
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Figure 2-b:
Transverse momentum spectra for $ \Lambda_{c}^{+} $ and $ \mathrm{D^0} $ mesons with $ -$1.46 $< y_{\rm cm} < $ 0.54 in different multiplicity classes. Left: $ \Lambda_{c}^{+} $ baryons. Right: $ \mathrm{D^0} $ mesons. The uncertainty bars are for statistic uncertainties while the shaded areas represent the systematic uncertainties. |
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Figure 3:
The ratio of $ \Lambda_{c}^{+} $ baryon to $ \mathrm{D^0} $ meson production in pPb collisions at $ \sqrt{\smash[b]{s_{_{\mathrm{NN}}}}}= $ 8.16 TeV with 2 $ \leq N_\text{trk}^\text{offline} <$ 35 and 185 $ \leq N_\text{trk}^\text{offline} < $ 250 is shown. The uncertainty bars are for statistical uncertainties while the shaded areas represent the systematic uncertainties. The grey markers are for $ \Lambda $ baryon to (two times) $ \mathrm{K^0_S} $ meson production at $ \sqrt{\smash[b]{s_{_{\mathrm{NN}}}}}= $ 5.02 TeV from Ref. [46]. |
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Figure 4:
The ratio of $ \Lambda_{c}^{+} $ baryon to $ \mathrm{D^0} $ meson production with $ -$1.46 $< y_{\rm cm} < $ 0.54 in pPb collisions at $ \sqrt{\smash[b]{s_{_{\mathrm{NN}}}}}= $ 8.16 TeV as a function of $ N_\text{trk}^\text{offline} $. The uncertainty bars are for statistical uncertainties while the shaded areas represent the systematic uncertainties. The ratio of $ \Lambda $ baryon to (two times) $ \mathrm{K^0_S} $ meson production at $ \sqrt{\smash[b]{s_{_{\mathrm{NN}}}}}= $ 5.02 TeV from Ref. [46] is also shown for comparisons, denoted by grey markers. |
| Tables | |
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Table 1:
Summary for sytematic uncertainties. These uncertainties are relative values with respect to production yields. |
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Table 2:
Summary table for nonprompt $ \Lambda_{c}^{+} $ baryons fractions relative to inclusive $ \Lambda_{c}^{+} $ baryons reconstructed in this note. The uncertainties are taken as the systematic uncertainties and details are described in Section 4. The representative range of the uncertainties is 4-14%, relative to the production yields of $ \Lambda_{c}^{+} $ baryons. |
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Table 3:
The average of multiplicity $ \langle N_\text{trk}^\text{offline}\rangle $ and $ \langle N_\text{trk}^\text{corrected} \rangle $ in each multiplicity class. Definitions of $ N_\text{trk}^\text{offline} $ and $ N_\text{trk}^\text{corrected} $ are described in in Section 2. The uncertainty for each class refers to the statistical uncertainty in the given multiplicity range. |
| Summary |
| In summary, the first measurements of $ \Lambda_{\mathrm{c}}^{+} $ baryons and D$^{0}$ mesons and their yield ratios in proton-lead collisions at a nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energy of 8.16 TeV are presented as a function of transverse momentum and final-state multiplicity. No strong multiplicity dependence is observed for charm hadrons within the experimental uncertainties. The difference between these results for charm quarks and previous ones for light quarks might indicate coalescence processes of heavy quarks saturate earlier than those of light quarks. |
| Additional Figures | |
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Additional Figure 1:
The baryon-to-meson ratio of charm hadron productions in pPb and PbPb collisions, the later from the ALICE experiment. The statistical uncertainties are represented by vertical bars and the statistical uncertainties are denoted by boxes. The ratios with multiplicity 2 $ \leq N_\text{trk}^\text{offline} < $ 35 (blue full squares) and 185 $ \leq N_\text{trk}^\text{offline} < $ 250 (red full circles) in pPb collisions at a nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energy of 8.16 TeV are presented. The average number of offline tracks after tracking efficiency correction is 20.0 (250) in the multiplicity range 2 $ \leq N_\text{trk}^\text{offline} < $ 35 (185 $ \leq N_\text{trk}^\text{offline} < $ 250). The results with centrality 0-10% (magenta open circles) and centrality 30-50% (cyan open squares) in PbPb collisions at a nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energy of 5.02 TeV are also shown [45]. |
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Additional Figure 2:
The baryon-to-meson ratio of charm hadron productions in pPb and PbPb collisions, the later from the ALICE experiment. The statistical uncertainties are represented by vertical bars and the statistical uncertainties are denoted by boxes. The ratios with multiplicity 2 $ \leq N_\text{trk}^\text{offline} < $ 35 (blue full squares) and 185 $ \leq N_\text{trk}^\text{offline} < $ 250 (red full circles) in pPb collisions at a nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energy of 8.16 TeV are presented. The average number of offline tracks after tracking efficiency correction 20.0 (250) in the legend corresponds to the multiplicity range 2 $ \leq N_\text{trk}^\text{offline} < $ 35 (185 $ \leq N_\text{trk}^\text{offline} < $ 250). The results with centrality 0-10% (magenta open circles) and centrality 30-50% (cyan open squares) in PbPb collisions at a nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energy of 5.02 TeV are also shown [45]. |
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Additional Figure 3:
The baryon-to-meson ratio of charm hadron productions in pPb collisoins and PbPb collisions. The statistical uncertainties are represented by vertical bars and the systematic uncertainties are denoted by boxes. The ratios with multiplicity 2 $ \leq N_\text{trk}^\text{offline} < $ 35 (blue full squares) and 185 $ \leq N_\text{trk}^\text{offline} < $ 250 (red full circles) in pPb collisions at a nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energy of 8.16 TeV are presented. The average number of offline tracks after tracking efficiency correction is 20.0 (250) in the multiplicity range 2 $ \leq N_\text{trk}^\text{offline} < $ 35 (185 $ \leq N_\text{trk}^\text{offline} < $ 250). The results with centrality 0-10% (orange full triangles) and centrality 0-90% (green full crosses) in PbPb collisions at a nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energy of 5.02 TeV are also shown [74]. The ratio of production yields of charm hadrons in $ \mathrm{e}^+\mathrm{e}^- $ collisoins is plotted using a dashed line [75]. |
png pdf |
Additional Figure 4:
The baryon-to-meson ratio of charm hadron productions in pPb collisoins and PbPb collisions. The statistical uncertainties are represented by vertical bars and the systematic uncertainties are denoted by boxes. The ratios with multiplicity 2 $ \leq N_\text{trk}^\text{offline} < $ 35 (blue full squares) and 185 $ \leq N_\text{trk}^\text{offline} < $ 250 (red full circles) in pPb collisions at a nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energy of 8.16 TeV are presented. The average number of offline tracks after tracking efficiency correction 20.0 (250) in the legend corresponds to the multiplicity range 2 $ \leq N_\text{trk}^\text{offline} < $ 35 (185 $ \leq N_\text{trk}^\text{offline} < $ 250). The results with centrality 0-10% (orange full triangles) and centrality 0-90% (green full crosses) in PbPb collisions at a nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energy of 5.02 TeV are also shown [74]. The ratio of production yields of charm hadrons in $ \mathrm{e}^+\mathrm{e}^- $ collisions is plotted using a dashed line [75]. |
png pdf |
Additional Figure 5:
The baryon-to-meson ratio of charm hadron productions in pPb collisoins and PbPb collisions. The statistical uncertainties are represented by vertical bars and the systematic uncertainties are denoted by boxes. The ratios with multiplicity 2 $ \leq N_\text{trk}^\text{offline} < $ 35 (blue full squares) and 185 $ \leq N_\text{trk}^\text{offline} < $ 250 (red full circles) in pPb collisions at a nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energy of 8.16 TeV are presented. The average number of offline tracks after tracking efficiency correction is 20.0 (250) in the multiplicity range 2 $ \leq N_\text{trk}^\text{offline} < $ 35 (185 $ \leq N_\text{trk}^\text{offline} < $ 250). The results in PbPb collisions at a nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energy of 5.02 TeV are also shown. The ratios by the CMS experiment with centrality 0-10% are denoted by orange full triangles and the ones with centrality 0-90% denoted by green full crosses [74]. The ratios by the ALICE experiment with centrality 0-10% are represented by magenta open circles. and the ones with centrality 30-50% are represented by cyan open squares [45]. |
png pdf |
Additional Figure 6:
The baryon-to-meson ratio of charm hadron productions in pPb collisoins and PbPb collisions. The statistical uncertainties are represented by vertical bars and the systematic uncertainties are denoted by boxes. The ratios with multiplicity 2 $ \leq N_\text{trk}^\text{offline} < $ 35 (blue full squares) and 185 $ \leq N_\text{trk}^\text{offline} < $ 250 (red full circles) in pPb collisions at a nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energy of 8.16 TeV are presented. The average number of offline tracks after tracking efficiency correction 20.0 (250) in the legend corresponds to the multiplicity range 2 $ \leq N_\text{trk}^\text{offline} < $ 35 (185 $ \leq N_\text{trk}^\text{offline} < $ 250). The results in PbPb collisions at a nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energy of 5.02 TeV are also shown. The ratios by the CMS experiment with centrality 0-10% are denoted by orange full triangles and the ones with centrality 0-90% denoted by green full crosses [74]. The ratios by the ALICE experiment with centrality 0-10% are represented by magenta open circles. and the ones with centrality 30-50% are represented by cyan open squares [45]. |
png pdf |
Additional Figure 7:
The baryon-to-meson ratio of charm hadron productions in pPb and pp collisions, the later from the ALICE experiment. The statistical uncertainties are represented by vertical bars and the systematic uncertainties are denoted by boxes. The ratios with multiplicity 2 $ \leq N_\text{trk}^\text{offline} < $ 35 (blue full squares) and 185 $ \leq N_\text{trk}^\text{offline} < $ 250 (red full circles) in pPb collisions at a nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energy of 8.16 TeV are presented. The average number of offline tracks after tracking efficiency correction is 20.0 (250) in the multiplicity range 2 $ \leq N_\text{trk}^\text{offline} < $ 35 (185 $ \leq N_\text{trk}^\text{offline} < $ 250). The results with multiplicity $ \langle \mathrm{d} N_{\mathrm{ch}} / \mathrm{d} \eta \rangle= $ 3.1 (magenta open circles) and $ \langle \mathrm{d} N_{\mathrm{ch}} / \mathrm{d} \eta \rangle= $ 37.83 (cyan open squares) in pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV are also shown [49]. The multiplicity $ \mathrm{d} N_{\mathrm{ch}} / \mathrm{d} \eta $ is defined in Ref. [73]. |
png pdf |
Additional Figure 8:
The baryon-to-meson ratio of charm hadron productions in pPb and pp collisions, the later from the ALICE experiment. The statistical uncertainties are represented by vertical bars and the systematic uncertainties are denoted by boxes. The ratios with multiplicity 2 $ \leq N_\text{trk}^\text{offline} < $ 35 (blue full squares) and 185 $ \leq N_\text{trk}^\text{offline} < $ 250 (red full circles) in pPb collisions at a nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energy of 8.16 TeV are presented. The average number of offline tracks after tracking efficiency correction 20.0 (250) in the legend corresponds to the multiplicity range 2 $ \leq N_\text{trk}^\text{offline} < $ 35 (185 $ \leq N_\text{trk}^\text{offline} < $ 250). The results with multiplicity $ \langle \mathrm{d} N_{\mathrm{ch}} / \mathrm{d} \eta \rangle= $ 3.1 (magenta open circles) and $ \langle \mathrm{d} N_{\mathrm{ch}} / \mathrm{d} \eta \rangle= $ 37.83 (cyan open squares) in pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV are also shown [49]. The multiplicity $ \mathrm{d} N_{\mathrm{ch}} / \mathrm{d} \eta $ is defined in Ref. [73]. |
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