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CMS-EXO-16-055 ; CERN-EP-2018-129
Search for dark matter produced in association with a Higgs boson decaying to $\gamma\gamma$ or $\tau^+\tau^-$ at $\sqrt{s} = $ 13 TeV
JHEP 09 (2018) 046
Abstract: A search for dark matter particles is performed by looking for events with large transverse momentum imbalance and a recoiling Higgs boson decaying to either a pair of photons or a pair of $\tau$ leptons. The search is based on proton-proton collision data at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV collected at the CERN LHC in 2016 and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb$^{-1}$ . No significant excess over the expected standard model background is observed. Upper limits at 95% confidence level are presented for the product of the production cross section and branching fraction in the context of two benchmark simplified models. For the Z'-two-Higgs-doublet model (where Z' is a new massive boson mediator) with an intermediate heavy pseudoscalar particle of mass $ {m_{\mathrm{A} }} = $ 300 GeV and ${m_{\mathrm{DM}}} = $ 100 GeV, Z' masses up to 1265 GeV are excluded. For a baryonic Z' model, with ${m_{\mathrm{DM}}} = $ 1 GeV, Z' masses up to 615 GeV are excluded. Results are also presented for the spin-independent cross section for the dark matter-nucleon interaction as a function of the mass of the dark matter particle. This is the first search for dark matter particles produced in association with a Higgs boson decaying to two $\tau$ leptons.
Figures & Tables Summary References CMS Publications
Figures

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Figure 1:
Leading order Feynman diagrams for DM associated production with a Higgs boson for two theoretical models: Z'-2HDM (left) and baryonic Z' (right).

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Figure 1-a:
Leading order Feynman diagram for DM associated production with a Higgs boson for the Z'-2HDM theoretical model.

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Figure 1-b:
Leading order Feynman diagram for DM associated production with a Higgs boson for the baryonic Z' theoretical model.

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Figure 2:
Distribution of $ {{p_{\mathrm {T}}} ^\text {miss}} $ for events passing the requirements given in Table 1. Events with $ {{p_{\mathrm {T}}} ^\text {miss}} $ below 50 GeV are not used in the analysis. The cross sections of the signals are set to 1 pb. The total simulated background is normalized to the integral of the data. The statistical uncertainty in the total background is shown by the hatched bands. The data-to-simulation ratio is shown in the lower panel.

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Figure 3:
The background-only fit to data is performed, for low-$ {{p_{\mathrm {T}}} ^\text {miss}} $ (left) and high-$ {{p_{\mathrm {T}}} ^\text {miss}} $ (right) categories, with the sum of a power law (dashed black) fit function to describe the nonresonant contribution, and a resonant shape (dashed red), taken from simulation, to take into account the SM $ {{\mathrm {h}} \to \gamma \gamma} $ contribution. The SM h contribution is fixed to the theoretical prediction in the statistical analysis. The sum of the nonresonant and resonant shapes (solid blue) is used to estimate the total background in this analysis.

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Figure 3-a:
The background-only fit to data is performed, for the low-$ {{p_{\mathrm {T}}} ^\text {miss}} $ category, with the sum of a power law (dashed black) fit function to describe the nonresonant contribution, and a resonant shape (dashed red), taken from simulation, to take into account the SM $ {{\mathrm {h}} \to \gamma \gamma} $ contribution. The SM h contribution is fixed to the theoretical prediction in the statistical analysis. The sum of the nonresonant and resonant shapes (solid blue) is used to estimate the total background in this analysis.

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Figure 3-b:
The background-only fit to data is performed, for the high-$ {{p_{\mathrm {T}}} ^\text {miss}} $ category, with the sum of a power law (dashed black) fit function to describe the nonresonant contribution, and a resonant shape (dashed red), taken from simulation, to take into account the SM $ {{\mathrm {h}} \to \gamma \gamma} $ contribution. The SM h contribution is fixed to the theoretical prediction in the statistical analysis. The sum of the nonresonant and resonant shapes (solid blue) is used to estimate the total background in this analysis.

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Figure 4:
Distributions of the total transverse mass ${M_\mathrm {T}^{\text {tot}}}$ in the SR for the $ {\mathrm {e}} {{\tau} _\mathrm {h}} $ (upper left), $ {{\mu}} {{\tau} _\mathrm {h}} $ (upper right), and $ {{\tau} _\mathrm {h}} {{\tau} _\mathrm {h}} $ (lower) final states are shown after the simultaneous maximum-likelihood fit. Representative signal distributions are shown with cross sections normalized to 1 pb. The data points are shown with their statistical uncertainties, and the point in the final bin includes overflow. The statistical uncertainty of the observed distribution is represented by the error bars on the data points. The overflow of each distribution is included in the final 400-500 GeV bin. Single top processes are included in the "Diboson'' contribution. The "Other DY'' contribution includes background from $ {\mathrm {Z}} \to \ell \ell $. The systematic uncertainty related to the background prediction is indicated by the shaded band.

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Figure 4-a:
The distribution of the total transverse mass ${M_\mathrm {T}^{\text {tot}}}$ in the SR for the $ {\mathrm {e}} {{\tau} _\mathrm {h}} $ final state is shown after the simultaneous maximum-likelihood fit. Representative signal distributions are shown with cross sections normalized to 1 pb. The data points are shown with their statistical uncertainties, and the point in the final bin includes overflow. The statistical uncertainty of the observed distribution is represented by the error bars on the data points. The overflow of each distribution is included in the final 400-500 GeV bin. Single top processes are included in the "Diboson'' contribution. The "Other DY'' contribution includes background from $ {\mathrm {Z}} \to \ell \ell $. The systematic uncertainty related to the background prediction is indicated by the shaded band.

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Figure 4-b:
The distribution of the total transverse mass ${M_\mathrm {T}^{\text {tot}}}$ in the SR for the $ {{\mu}} {{\tau} _\mathrm {h}} $ final state is shown after the simultaneous maximum-likelihood fit. Representative signal distributions are shown with cross sections normalized to 1 pb. The data points are shown with their statistical uncertainties, and the point in the final bin includes overflow. The statistical uncertainty of the observed distribution is represented by the error bars on the data points. The overflow of each distribution is included in the final 400-500 GeV bin. Single top processes are included in the "Diboson'' contribution. The "Other DY'' contribution includes background from $ {\mathrm {Z}} \to \ell \ell $. The systematic uncertainty related to the background prediction is indicated by the shaded band.

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Figure 4-c:
The distribution of the total transverse mass ${M_\mathrm {T}^{\text {tot}}}$ in the SR for the $ {{\tau} _\mathrm {h}} {{\tau} _\mathrm {h}} $ final state is shown after the simultaneous maximum-likelihood fit. Representative signal distributions are shown with cross sections normalized to 1 pb. The data points are shown with their statistical uncertainties, and the point in the final bin includes overflow. The statistical uncertainty of the observed distribution is represented by the error bars on the data points. The overflow of each distribution is included in the final 400-500 GeV bin. Single top processes are included in the "Diboson'' contribution. The "Other DY'' contribution includes background from $ {\mathrm {Z}} \to \ell \ell $. The systematic uncertainty related to the background prediction is indicated by the shaded band.

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Figure 5:
Expected and observed 95% CL upper limits on the Z'-2HDM cross section for dark matter associated production with a Higgs boson ($ {\mathrm {Z}'} \to {\chi} {\chi} {\mathrm {h}} $) are shown. Limits are given for the $ {{\mathrm {h}} \to \gamma \gamma} $ channel, $ {{\mathrm {h}} \to {\tau}^+ {\tau}^-} $ channel, and their combined exclusion.

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Figure 6:
Observed 95% CL upper limits on the Z'-2HDM signal strength for the $ {{\mathrm {h}} \to \gamma \gamma} $ (left), $ {{\mathrm {h}} \to {\tau}^+ {\tau}^-} $ (right), and combination of the two channels (lower center). The observed (expected) two-dimensional exclusion curves are shown with thick red (dashed black) lines. The plus and minus one standard deviation expected exclusion curves are also shown as thin black lines. The region below the lines is excluded.

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Figure 6-a:
Observed 95% CL upper limits on the Z'-2HDM signal strength for the $ {{\mathrm {h}} \to \gamma \gamma} $ channel. The observed (expected) two-dimensional exclusion curves are shown with thick red (dashed black) lines. The plus and minus one standard deviation expected exclusion curves are also shown as thin black lines. The region below the lines is excluded.

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Figure 6-b:
Observed 95% CL upper limits on the Z'-2HDM signal strength for the $ {{\mathrm {h}} \to \gamma \gamma} $ channel. The observed (expected) two-dimensional exclusion curves are shown with thick red (dashed black) lines. The plus and minus one standard deviation expected exclusion curves are also shown as thin black lines. The region below the lines is excluded.

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Figure 6-c:
Observed 95% CL upper limits on the Z'-2HDM signal strength for the combination of the $ {{\mathrm {h}} \to \gamma \gamma} $ and $ {{\mathrm {h}} \to {\tau}^+ {\tau}^-} $ channels. The observed (expected) two-dimensional exclusion curves are shown with thick red (dashed black) lines. The plus and minus one standard deviation expected exclusion curves are also shown as thin black lines. The region below the lines is excluded.

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Figure 7:
Expected and observed 95% CL upper limits on the baryonic Z' cross section for dark matter associated production with a Higgs boson ($ {\mathrm {Z}'} \to {\chi} {\chi} {\mathrm {h}} $) are shown. Limits are given for the $ {{\mathrm {h}} \to \gamma \gamma} $ channel, $ {{\mathrm {h}} \to {\tau}^+ {\tau}^-} $ channel, and their combined exclusion.

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Figure 8:
Observed 95% CL upper limits on the baryonic Z' signal strength for the $ {{\mathrm {h}} \to \gamma \gamma} $ (left), $ {{\mathrm {h}} \to {\tau}^+ {\tau}^-} $ (right), and combination of the two channels (lower center). The observed (expected) two-dimensional exclusion curves are shown with thick red (dashed black) lines. The plus and minus one standard deviation expected exclusion curves are also shown as thin black lines. The region below the lines is excluded.

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Figure 8-a:
Observed 95% CL upper limits on the baryonic Z' signal strength for the $ {{\mathrm {h}} \to \gamma \gamma} $ channel. The observed (expected) two-dimensional exclusion curves are shown with thick red (dashed black) lines. The plus and minus one standard deviation expected exclusion curves are also shown as thin black lines. The region below the lines is excluded.

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Figure 8-b:
Observed 95% CL upper limits on the baryonic Z' signal strength for the $ {{\mathrm {h}} \to \gamma \gamma} $ channel. The observed (expected) two-dimensional exclusion curves are shown with thick red (dashed black) lines. The plus and minus one standard deviation expected exclusion curves are also shown as thin black lines. The region below the lines is excluded.

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Figure 8-c:
Observed 95% CL upper limits on the baryonic Z' signal strength for the combination of the $ {{\mathrm {h}} \to \gamma \gamma} $ and $ {{\mathrm {h}} \to {\tau}^+ {\tau}^-} $ channels. The observed (expected) two-dimensional exclusion curves are shown with thick red (dashed black) lines. The plus and minus one standard deviation expected exclusion curves are also shown as thin black lines. The region below the lines is excluded.

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Figure 9:
The 90% CL exclusion limits on the DM-nucleon SI scattering cross section as a function of $ {m_{\mathrm {DM}}} $. Results obtained in this analysis are compared with those from a selection of direct detection (DD) experiments. The latter exclude the regions above the curves. Limits from CDMSLite [66], LUX [67], XENON-1T [68], PandaX-II [69], and CRESST-II [70] are shown.
Tables

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Table 1:
Optimized kinematic requirements for the low- and high-$ {{p_{\mathrm {T}}} ^\text {miss}} $ categories.

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Table 2:
Selection requirements for the three $ {\tau} {\tau}$ decay channels. The $ {p_{\mathrm {T}}} $ thresholds for the triggers are given in the second column in parentheses.

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Table 3:
Systematic uncertainties affecting the signal and resonant backgrounds in the $ {{\mathrm {h}} \to \gamma \gamma} $ channel.

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Table 4:
Systematic uncertainties affecting signal and background in the $ {{\mathrm {h}} \to {\tau}^+ {\tau}^-} $ channel.

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Table 5:
Expected background yields and observed numbers of events for the $ {{\mathrm {h}} \to \gamma \gamma} $ channel in the $ {m_{\gamma \gamma}} $ range of 122-128 GeV are shown for the low- and high-$ {{p_{\mathrm {T}}} ^\text {miss}} $ categories. The nonresonant background includes QCD multijet, $\gamma \gamma $, $\gamma$+jet, and EW backgrounds and is estimated from the analytic function fit to data. The SM Higgs boson background is presented separately for the irreducible V h production and for the other production modes. For the resonant background contributions, both the statistical and the systematic uncertainties are listed. As detailed in Section 4.2, the systematic uncertainty associated with the nonresonant background is negligible.

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Table 6:
Estimated background yields and observed numbers of events for $ {M_\mathrm {T}^{\text {tot}}} > $ 260 GeV, in the SR of the $ {{\mathrm {h}} \to {\tau}^+ {\tau}^-} $ channel. The uncertainties in the total expected yields include the statistical and systematic contributions.

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Table 7:
The expected signal yields and the product of acceptance and efficiency ($ {\mathrm {A}\epsilon} $) for the two benchmark models. The Z'-2HDM signal is shown for the parameters ${m_{{\mathrm {A}}}} = $ 300 GeV and ${m_{{\mathrm {Z}'}}} = $ 1000 GeV, and the baryonic Z' signal, for the parameters $ {m_{\mathrm {DM}}} = $ 1 GeV and $ {m_{{\mathrm {Z}'}}} = $ 100 GeV.
Summary
A search for dark matter particles produced in association with a Higgs boson has been performed. The study focuses on the case where the 125 GeV Higgs boson decays to either two photons or two $\tau$ leptons. This analysis is based on proton-proton collision data collected with the CMS detector during 2016 at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb$^{-1}$. The results of the search are interpreted in terms of a Z'-two-Higgs-doublet model (Z'-2HDM) and a baryonic Z' simplified model of dark matter production.

A statistical combination of the two channels was performed and these results were used to produce upper limits on dark matter production. Limits on the signal production cross section are calculated for both simplified models. For the Z'-2HDM signal, with an intermediate pseudoscalar of mass ${m_{\mathrm{A} }} = $ 300 GeV and ${m_{\mathrm{DM}}} = $ 100 GeV, Z' masses up to 1265 GeV are excluded at 95% confidence level. For the baryonic Z' model, with ${m_{\mathrm{DM}}} = $ 1 GeV, Z' masses up to 615 GeV are excluded. This is the first search for dark matter produced in association with a Higgs boson decaying to two $\tau$ leptons and the first to combine results from the $\gamma\gamma$ and $\tau^+\tau^-$ decay channels. The Z'-2HDM interpretation extended the Z' mass range compared with previous CMS searches. The interpretation of the results include the first baryonic Z' model interpretation for CMS and an extrapolation to limits on the spin-independent cross section for the dark matter-nucleon interaction.
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LHC, CERN