CMS logoCMS event Hgg
Compact Muon Solenoid
LHC, CERN

CMS-EXO-22-008 ; CERN-EP-2023-220
Search for narrow trijet resonances in proton-proton collisions at $ \sqrt{s} = $ 13 TeV
Submitted to Phys. Rev. Lett.
Abstract: The first search for narrow resonances decaying to three well-separated hadronic jets is presented. The search uses proton-proton collision data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 138 fb$ ^{-1} $ at $ \sqrt{s}= $ 13 TeV, collected at the CERN LHC. No significant deviations from the background predictions are observed between 1.75-9.00 TeV. The results provide the first mass limits on a right-handed boson $ \mathrm{Z}_{R} $ decaying to three gluons, an excited quark decaying via a vector boson to three quarks, as well as updated limits on a Kaluza-Klein gluon decaying via a radion to three gluons.
Figures Summary Additional Figures References CMS Publications
Figures

png pdf
Figure 1:
The observed $ m_{\mathrm{jjj}} $ distribution and the background-only fit to the data using the $ f_A $ fit function. Uncertainties in the fit that correspond to the 68% confidence level are depicted with the red band. The expected $ m_{\mathrm{jjj}} $ distributions for $ \mathrm{Z}_{R} $ signal masses of 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, and 8.0 TeV, with nominal width of $ {\sim} 3% $, are also shown. For illustration purposes, the normalizations correspond to $ \sigma\mathcal{B} $ values of 200, 50, 20, and 20 fb, respectively. Only 2016 data are shown for $ m_{\mathrm{jjj}} < $ 1.76 TeV because of the higher trigger thresholds in 2017 and 2018. In the bottom panel, the blue hatched bars show the difference between the observed data and the background prediction divided by the statistical uncertainty, along with expectations for the example $ \mathrm{Z}_{R} $ signal points.

png pdf
Figure 2:
Limits at 95% CL on $ \sigma\mathcal{B}(\mathrm{X}\to\mathrm{g}\mathrm{g}\mathrm{g})\mathcal{A} $ for the nominal (left) and narrow-width (right) scenarios. Only 2016 data are used to derive limits below 2.0 TeV because of the higher trigger thresholds in 2017 and 2018. Theoretical predictions assuming SM-like couplings are depicted with red curves.

png pdf
Figure 2-a:
Limits at 95% CL on $ \sigma\mathcal{B}(\mathrm{X}\to\mathrm{g}\mathrm{g}\mathrm{g})\mathcal{A} $ for the nominal scenario. Only 2016 data are used to derive limits below 2.0 TeV because of the higher trigger thresholds in 2017 and 2018. Theoretical predictions assuming SM-like couplings are depicted with red curves.

png pdf
Figure 2-b:
Limits at 95% CL on $ \sigma\mathcal{B}(\mathrm{X}\to\mathrm{g}\mathrm{g}\mathrm{g})\mathcal{A} $ for the narrow-width scenario. Only 2016 data are used to derive limits below 2.0 TeV because of the higher trigger thresholds in 2017 and 2018. Theoretical predictions assuming SM-like couplings are depicted with red curves.

png pdf
Figure 3:
Observed limits at 95% CL as a function of $ m_{\mathrm{X}} $ and $ \rho_{\mathrm{m}} $ on $ \sigma\mathcal{B}(\mathrm{X}\to{\mathrm{Y}}(\mathrm{g}\mathrm{g})\mathrm{g})\mathcal{A} $ (left) and $ \sigma\mathcal{B}(\mathrm{X}\to{\mathrm{Y}}(\mathrm{q}\mathrm{q})\mathrm{q})\mathcal{A} $ (right). Only 2016 data are used to derive limits below 2.0 TeV because of the higher trigger thresholds in 2017 and 2018. The legend shows the model parameters for the chosen benchmark [23,24], and their corresponding mass exclusion ranges are depicted with areas inside the black hatched contours.

png pdf
Figure 3-a:
Observed limits at 95% CL as a function of $ m_{\mathrm{X}} $ and $ \rho_{\mathrm{m}} $ on $ \sigma\mathcal{B}(\mathrm{X}\to{\mathrm{Y}}(\mathrm{g}\mathrm{g})\mathrm{g})\mathcal{A} $. Only 2016 data are used to derive limits below 2.0 TeV because of the higher trigger thresholds in 2017 and 2018. The legend shows the model parameters for the chosen benchmark [23], and their corresponding mass exclusion ranges are depicted with areas inside the black hatched contours.

png pdf
Figure 3-b:
Observed limits at 95% CL as a function of $ m_{\mathrm{X}} $ and $ \rho_{\mathrm{m}} $ on $ \sigma\mathcal{B}(\mathrm{X}\to{\mathrm{Y}}(\mathrm{q}\mathrm{q})\mathrm{q})\mathcal{A} $. Only 2016 data are used to derive limits below 2.0 TeV because of the higher trigger thresholds in 2017 and 2018. The legend shows the model parameters for the chosen benchmark [24], and their corresponding mass exclusion ranges are depicted with areas inside the black hatched contours.
Summary
In summary, the first generic search for new particles decaying to three hadronic jets has been presented. The search uses proton-proton collision data at $ \sqrt{s}= $ 13 TeV recorded by the CMS experiment in 2016-2018, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 138 fb$^{-1}$. The three-jet invariant mass spectrum is scanned for narrow peaks corresponding to new particles. No significant excesses above the standard model background expectations are observed. Limits are set on the product of the production cross section, branching fraction, and acceptance to three resolved jets. The results are interpreted in the context of a new right-handed boson $ \mathrm{Z}_{R} $ decaying to three gluons, a Kaluza-Klein gluon $\mathrm{G}_{\mathrm{KK}}$ decaying via an intermediate radion to three gluons ($ \mathrm{g}\mathrm{g}\mathrm{g} $), and an excited quark decaying via a vector boson to three quarks ($ \mathrm{q}\mathrm{q}\mathrm{q} $). This is the first search for the three-body decay of high-mass resonances ($ \mathrm{X} $) into three resolved jets at the LHC, and also the first search for $ \mathrm{X} $ that decays into three resolved jets through an intermediate resonance ($\mathrm{Y}$) with a mass ratio $ m_{{\mathrm{Y}}}/m_{\mathrm{X}} $ between 0.3-0.8 for the $ \mathrm{g}\mathrm{g}\mathrm{g} $ decay mode and 0.2-0.8 for the $ \mathrm{q}\mathrm{q}\mathrm{q} $ decay mode, significantly extending the model parameter space explored by a previous search [20].
Additional Figures

png pdf
Additional Figure 1:
Efficiencies of the selection requirements on the benchmark signal processes: $ \mathrm{Z}_{R}\to\mathrm{g}\mathrm{g}\mathrm{g} $ with nominal width $ \Gamma_{\mathrm{Z}_{R}}/ m_{\mathrm{Z}_{R}}\sim3% $ (top left), $ \mathrm{Z}_{R}\to\mathrm{g}\mathrm{g}\mathrm{g} $ with narrow width $ \Gamma_{\mathrm{Z}_{R}}/ m_{\mathrm{Z}_{R}}\sim0.01% $ (top right), $ g_{\mathrm{KK}} \to\varphi(\mathrm{g}\mathrm{g})\mathrm{g} $ (bottom left), and $ \mathrm{q}^{*}\to \text{V}(\mathrm{q}\mathrm{q})\mathrm{q} $ (bottom right). $ \varphi $ is the radion and V is a beyond-the-SM vector boson. The efficiencies for 2016, 2017, and 2018 data-taking conditions are shown separately. The bottom two figures also show efficiencies for different $ \rho_{m} $ scenarios for cascade decays with intermediate resonances.

png pdf
Additional Figure 1-a:
Efficiencies of the selection requirements on the benchmark signal processes: $ \mathrm{Z}_{R}\to\mathrm{g}\mathrm{g}\mathrm{g} $ with nominal width $ \Gamma_{\mathrm{Z}_{R}}/ m_{\mathrm{Z}_{R}}\sim3% $ (top left), $ \mathrm{Z}_{R}\to\mathrm{g}\mathrm{g}\mathrm{g} $ with narrow width $ \Gamma_{\mathrm{Z}_{R}}/ m_{\mathrm{Z}_{R}}\sim0.01% $ (top right), $ g_{\mathrm{KK}} \to\varphi(\mathrm{g}\mathrm{g})\mathrm{g} $ (bottom left), and $ \mathrm{q}^{*}\to \text{V}(\mathrm{q}\mathrm{q})\mathrm{q} $ (bottom right). $ \varphi $ is the radion and V is a beyond-the-SM vector boson. The efficiencies for 2016, 2017, and 2018 data-taking conditions are shown separately. The bottom two figures also show efficiencies for different $ \rho_{m} $ scenarios for cascade decays with intermediate resonances.

png pdf
Additional Figure 1-b:
Efficiencies of the selection requirements on the benchmark signal processes: $ \mathrm{Z}_{R}\to\mathrm{g}\mathrm{g}\mathrm{g} $ with nominal width $ \Gamma_{\mathrm{Z}_{R}}/ m_{\mathrm{Z}_{R}}\sim3% $ (top left), $ \mathrm{Z}_{R}\to\mathrm{g}\mathrm{g}\mathrm{g} $ with narrow width $ \Gamma_{\mathrm{Z}_{R}}/ m_{\mathrm{Z}_{R}}\sim0.01% $ (top right), $ g_{\mathrm{KK}} \to\varphi(\mathrm{g}\mathrm{g})\mathrm{g} $ (bottom left), and $ \mathrm{q}^{*}\to \text{V}(\mathrm{q}\mathrm{q})\mathrm{q} $ (bottom right). $ \varphi $ is the radion and V is a beyond-the-SM vector boson. The efficiencies for 2016, 2017, and 2018 data-taking conditions are shown separately. The bottom two figures also show efficiencies for different $ \rho_{m} $ scenarios for cascade decays with intermediate resonances.

png pdf
Additional Figure 1-c:
Efficiencies of the selection requirements on the benchmark signal processes: $ \mathrm{Z}_{R}\to\mathrm{g}\mathrm{g}\mathrm{g} $ with nominal width $ \Gamma_{\mathrm{Z}_{R}}/ m_{\mathrm{Z}_{R}}\sim3% $ (top left), $ \mathrm{Z}_{R}\to\mathrm{g}\mathrm{g}\mathrm{g} $ with narrow width $ \Gamma_{\mathrm{Z}_{R}}/ m_{\mathrm{Z}_{R}}\sim0.01% $ (top right), $ g_{\mathrm{KK}} \to\varphi(\mathrm{g}\mathrm{g})\mathrm{g} $ (bottom left), and $ \mathrm{q}^{*}\to \text{V}(\mathrm{q}\mathrm{q})\mathrm{q} $ (bottom right). $ \varphi $ is the radion and V is a beyond-the-SM vector boson. The efficiencies for 2016, 2017, and 2018 data-taking conditions are shown separately. The bottom two figures also show efficiencies for different $ \rho_{m} $ scenarios for cascade decays with intermediate resonances.

png pdf
Additional Figure 1-d:
Efficiencies of the selection requirements on the benchmark signal processes: $ \mathrm{Z}_{R}\to\mathrm{g}\mathrm{g}\mathrm{g} $ with nominal width $ \Gamma_{\mathrm{Z}_{R}}/ m_{\mathrm{Z}_{R}}\sim3% $ (top left), $ \mathrm{Z}_{R}\to\mathrm{g}\mathrm{g}\mathrm{g} $ with narrow width $ \Gamma_{\mathrm{Z}_{R}}/ m_{\mathrm{Z}_{R}}\sim0.01% $ (top right), $ g_{\mathrm{KK}} \to\varphi(\mathrm{g}\mathrm{g})\mathrm{g} $ (bottom left), and $ \mathrm{q}^{*}\to \text{V}(\mathrm{q}\mathrm{q})\mathrm{q} $ (bottom right). $ \varphi $ is the radion and V is a beyond-the-SM vector boson. The efficiencies for 2016, 2017, and 2018 data-taking conditions are shown separately. The bottom two figures also show efficiencies for different $ \rho_{m} $ scenarios for cascade decays with intermediate resonances.

png pdf
Additional Figure 2:
Acceptance of the signal selection requirement $ m_{\mathrm{X}}^{GEN}/m_{\mathrm{X}}^{input} > $ 85% on the benchmark signal process $ \mathrm{Z}_{R}\to\mathrm{g}\mathrm{g}\mathrm{g} $ (top), $ g_{\mathrm{KK}} \to\varphi(\mathrm{g}\mathrm{g})\mathrm{g} $ (bottom left), and $ \mathrm{q}^{*}\to \text{V}(\mathrm{q}\mathrm{q})\mathrm{q} $ (bottom right). $ m_{\mathrm{X}}^{\text{GEN}} $ is the mass of the new resonances generated by the MC simulation. $ m_{\mathrm{X}}^{\text{input}} $ is the resonance mass point under consideration. The acceptance is defined as $ \mathcal{A} = $ N (events with $ m_{\mathrm{X}}^{\text{GEN}}/m_{\mathrm{X}}^{\text{input}} > $ 85%) / $ N $(events generated in the full phase space defined by the CMS default generator settings).

png pdf
Additional Figure 2-a:
Acceptance of the signal selection requirement $ m_{\mathrm{X}}^{GEN}/m_{\mathrm{X}}^{input} > $ 85% on the benchmark signal process $ \mathrm{Z}_{R}\to\mathrm{g}\mathrm{g}\mathrm{g} $ (top), $ g_{\mathrm{KK}} \to\varphi(\mathrm{g}\mathrm{g})\mathrm{g} $ (bottom left), and $ \mathrm{q}^{*}\to \text{V}(\mathrm{q}\mathrm{q})\mathrm{q} $ (bottom right). $ m_{\mathrm{X}}^{\text{GEN}} $ is the mass of the new resonances generated by the MC simulation. $ m_{\mathrm{X}}^{\text{input}} $ is the resonance mass point under consideration. The acceptance is defined as $ \mathcal{A} = $ N (events with $ m_{\mathrm{X}}^{\text{GEN}}/m_{\mathrm{X}}^{\text{input}} > $ 85%) / $ N $(events generated in the full phase space defined by the CMS default generator settings).

png pdf
Additional Figure 2-b:
Acceptance of the signal selection requirement $ m_{\mathrm{X}}^{GEN}/m_{\mathrm{X}}^{input} > $ 85% on the benchmark signal process $ \mathrm{Z}_{R}\to\mathrm{g}\mathrm{g}\mathrm{g} $ (top), $ g_{\mathrm{KK}} \to\varphi(\mathrm{g}\mathrm{g})\mathrm{g} $ (bottom left), and $ \mathrm{q}^{*}\to \text{V}(\mathrm{q}\mathrm{q})\mathrm{q} $ (bottom right). $ m_{\mathrm{X}}^{\text{GEN}} $ is the mass of the new resonances generated by the MC simulation. $ m_{\mathrm{X}}^{\text{input}} $ is the resonance mass point under consideration. The acceptance is defined as $ \mathcal{A} = $ N (events with $ m_{\mathrm{X}}^{\text{GEN}}/m_{\mathrm{X}}^{\text{input}} > $ 85%) / $ N $(events generated in the full phase space defined by the CMS default generator settings).

png pdf
Additional Figure 2-c:
Acceptance of the signal selection requirement $ m_{\mathrm{X}}^{GEN}/m_{\mathrm{X}}^{input} > $ 85% on the benchmark signal process $ \mathrm{Z}_{R}\to\mathrm{g}\mathrm{g}\mathrm{g} $ (top), $ g_{\mathrm{KK}} \to\varphi(\mathrm{g}\mathrm{g})\mathrm{g} $ (bottom left), and $ \mathrm{q}^{*}\to \text{V}(\mathrm{q}\mathrm{q})\mathrm{q} $ (bottom right). $ m_{\mathrm{X}}^{\text{GEN}} $ is the mass of the new resonances generated by the MC simulation. $ m_{\mathrm{X}}^{\text{input}} $ is the resonance mass point under consideration. The acceptance is defined as $ \mathcal{A} = $ N (events with $ m_{\mathrm{X}}^{\text{GEN}}/m_{\mathrm{X}}^{\text{input}} > $ 85%) / $ N $(events generated in the full phase space defined by the CMS default generator settings).

png pdf
Additional Figure 3:
The observed local significance for a $ \mathrm{g}\mathrm{g}\mathrm{g} $ resonance versus X mass, shown for resonances with nominal width (blue) and narrow width (red). The most significant excesses correspond to 2.1 (2.2) standard deviations.

png pdf
Additional Figure 4:
The observed local significance versus $ m_{\mathrm{X}} $ and $ \rho_{m} $ for resonances decaying via a cascade. The largest deviations are observed at $ \rho_{m} = 0.3, m_{\mathrm{X}} = $ 4.1 TeV for $ \mathrm{X}\to \mathrm{Y} (\mathrm{g}\mathrm{g})\mathrm{g} $ and $ \rho_{m} =$ 0.7, $ m_{\mathrm{X}} = $ 3.9 TeV for $ \mathrm{X}\to \mathrm{Y} (\mathrm{q}\mathrm{q})\mathrm{q} $. The corresponding local (global) significance values are 2.2 (0.4) and 2.1 (0.3) standard deviations, respectively.

png pdf
Additional Figure 4-a:
The observed local significance versus $ m_{\mathrm{X}} $ and $ \rho_{m} $ for resonances decaying via a cascade. The largest deviations are observed at $ \rho_{m} = 0.3, m_{\mathrm{X}} = $ 4.1 TeV for $ \mathrm{X}\to \mathrm{Y} (\mathrm{g}\mathrm{g})\mathrm{g} $ and $ \rho_{m} =$ 0.7, $ m_{\mathrm{X}} = $ 3.9 TeV for $ \mathrm{X}\to \mathrm{Y} (\mathrm{q}\mathrm{q})\mathrm{q} $. The corresponding local (global) significance values are 2.2 (0.4) and 2.1 (0.3) standard deviations, respectively.

png pdf
Additional Figure 4-b:
The observed local significance versus $ m_{\mathrm{X}} $ and $ \rho_{m} $ for resonances decaying via a cascade. The largest deviations are observed at $ \rho_{m} = 0.3, m_{\mathrm{X}} = $ 4.1 TeV for $ \mathrm{X}\to \mathrm{Y} (\mathrm{g}\mathrm{g})\mathrm{g} $ and $ \rho_{m} =$ 0.7, $ m_{\mathrm{X}} = $ 3.9 TeV for $ \mathrm{X}\to \mathrm{Y} (\mathrm{q}\mathrm{q})\mathrm{q} $. The corresponding local (global) significance values are 2.2 (0.4) and 2.1 (0.3) standard deviations, respectively.

png pdf
Additional Figure 5:
Limits at 95% CL on $ \sigma\mathcal{B}(\mathrm{X}\to \mathrm{Y} (\mathrm{g}\mathrm{g})\mathrm{g})\mathcal{A} $ for resonances X in different $ \rho_{m} $ scenarios. Only 2016 data is used to derive limits below 2.0 TeV because of the higher trigger thresholds in 2017 and 2018. Theoretical predictions are also shown for the benchmark $ g_{\mathrm{KK}} $ model.

png pdf
Additional Figure 5-a:
Limits at 95% CL on $ \sigma\mathcal{B}(\mathrm{X}\to \mathrm{Y} (\mathrm{g}\mathrm{g})\mathrm{g})\mathcal{A} $ for resonances X in different $ \rho_{m} $ scenarios. Only 2016 data is used to derive limits below 2.0 TeV because of the higher trigger thresholds in 2017 and 2018. Theoretical predictions are also shown for the benchmark $ g_{\mathrm{KK}} $ model.

png pdf
Additional Figure 5-b:
Limits at 95% CL on $ \sigma\mathcal{B}(\mathrm{X}\to \mathrm{Y} (\mathrm{g}\mathrm{g})\mathrm{g})\mathcal{A} $ for resonances X in different $ \rho_{m} $ scenarios. Only 2016 data is used to derive limits below 2.0 TeV because of the higher trigger thresholds in 2017 and 2018. Theoretical predictions are also shown for the benchmark $ g_{\mathrm{KK}} $ model.

png pdf
Additional Figure 5-c:
Limits at 95% CL on $ \sigma\mathcal{B}(\mathrm{X}\to \mathrm{Y} (\mathrm{g}\mathrm{g})\mathrm{g})\mathcal{A} $ for resonances X in different $ \rho_{m} $ scenarios. Only 2016 data is used to derive limits below 2.0 TeV because of the higher trigger thresholds in 2017 and 2018. Theoretical predictions are also shown for the benchmark $ g_{\mathrm{KK}} $ model.

png pdf
Additional Figure 5-d:
Limits at 95% CL on $ \sigma\mathcal{B}(\mathrm{X}\to \mathrm{Y} (\mathrm{g}\mathrm{g})\mathrm{g})\mathcal{A} $ for resonances X in different $ \rho_{m} $ scenarios. Only 2016 data is used to derive limits below 2.0 TeV because of the higher trigger thresholds in 2017 and 2018. Theoretical predictions are also shown for the benchmark $ g_{\mathrm{KK}} $ model.

png pdf
Additional Figure 5-e:
Limits at 95% CL on $ \sigma\mathcal{B}(\mathrm{X}\to \mathrm{Y} (\mathrm{g}\mathrm{g})\mathrm{g})\mathcal{A} $ for resonances X in different $ \rho_{m} $ scenarios. Only 2016 data is used to derive limits below 2.0 TeV because of the higher trigger thresholds in 2017 and 2018. Theoretical predictions are also shown for the benchmark $ g_{\mathrm{KK}} $ model.

png pdf
Additional Figure 5-f:
Limits at 95% CL on $ \sigma\mathcal{B}(\mathrm{X}\to \mathrm{Y} (\mathrm{g}\mathrm{g})\mathrm{g})\mathcal{A} $ for resonances X in different $ \rho_{m} $ scenarios. Only 2016 data is used to derive limits below 2.0 TeV because of the higher trigger thresholds in 2017 and 2018. Theoretical predictions are also shown for the benchmark $ g_{\mathrm{KK}} $ model.

png pdf
Additional Figure 5-g:
Limits at 95% CL on $ \sigma\mathcal{B}(\mathrm{X}\to \mathrm{Y} (\mathrm{g}\mathrm{g})\mathrm{g})\mathcal{A} $ for resonances X in different $ \rho_{m} $ scenarios. Only 2016 data is used to derive limits below 2.0 TeV because of the higher trigger thresholds in 2017 and 2018. Theoretical predictions are also shown for the benchmark $ g_{\mathrm{KK}} $ model.

png pdf
Additional Figure 6:
Limits at 95% CL on $ \sigma\mathcal{B}(\mathrm{X}\to \mathrm{Y} (\mathrm{q}\mathrm{q})\mathrm{q})\mathcal{A} $ for resonances X in different $ \rho_{m} $ scenarios. Only 2016 data is used to derive limits below 2.0 TeV because of the higher trigger thresholds in 2017 and 2018. Theoretical predictions are also shown for the benchmark $ \mathrm{q}^{*} $ model.

png pdf
Additional Figure 6-a:
Limits at 95% CL on $ \sigma\mathcal{B}(\mathrm{X}\to \mathrm{Y} (\mathrm{q}\mathrm{q})\mathrm{q})\mathcal{A} $ for resonances X in different $ \rho_{m} $ scenarios. Only 2016 data is used to derive limits below 2.0 TeV because of the higher trigger thresholds in 2017 and 2018. Theoretical predictions are also shown for the benchmark $ \mathrm{q}^{*} $ model.

png pdf
Additional Figure 6-b:
Limits at 95% CL on $ \sigma\mathcal{B}(\mathrm{X}\to \mathrm{Y} (\mathrm{q}\mathrm{q})\mathrm{q})\mathcal{A} $ for resonances X in different $ \rho_{m} $ scenarios. Only 2016 data is used to derive limits below 2.0 TeV because of the higher trigger thresholds in 2017 and 2018. Theoretical predictions are also shown for the benchmark $ \mathrm{q}^{*} $ model.

png pdf
Additional Figure 6-c:
Limits at 95% CL on $ \sigma\mathcal{B}(\mathrm{X}\to \mathrm{Y} (\mathrm{q}\mathrm{q})\mathrm{q})\mathcal{A} $ for resonances X in different $ \rho_{m} $ scenarios. Only 2016 data is used to derive limits below 2.0 TeV because of the higher trigger thresholds in 2017 and 2018. Theoretical predictions are also shown for the benchmark $ \mathrm{q}^{*} $ model.

png pdf
Additional Figure 6-d:
Limits at 95% CL on $ \sigma\mathcal{B}(\mathrm{X}\to \mathrm{Y} (\mathrm{q}\mathrm{q})\mathrm{q})\mathcal{A} $ for resonances X in different $ \rho_{m} $ scenarios. Only 2016 data is used to derive limits below 2.0 TeV because of the higher trigger thresholds in 2017 and 2018. Theoretical predictions are also shown for the benchmark $ \mathrm{q}^{*} $ model.

png pdf
Additional Figure 6-e:
Limits at 95% CL on $ \sigma\mathcal{B}(\mathrm{X}\to \mathrm{Y} (\mathrm{q}\mathrm{q})\mathrm{q})\mathcal{A} $ for resonances X in different $ \rho_{m} $ scenarios. Only 2016 data is used to derive limits below 2.0 TeV because of the higher trigger thresholds in 2017 and 2018. Theoretical predictions are also shown for the benchmark $ \mathrm{q}^{*} $ model.

png pdf
Additional Figure 6-f:
Limits at 95% CL on $ \sigma\mathcal{B}(\mathrm{X}\to \mathrm{Y} (\mathrm{q}\mathrm{q})\mathrm{q})\mathcal{A} $ for resonances X in different $ \rho_{m} $ scenarios. Only 2016 data is used to derive limits below 2.0 TeV because of the higher trigger thresholds in 2017 and 2018. Theoretical predictions are also shown for the benchmark $ \mathrm{q}^{*} $ model.

png pdf
Additional Figure 6-g:
Limits at 95% CL on $ \sigma\mathcal{B}(\mathrm{X}\to \mathrm{Y} (\mathrm{q}\mathrm{q})\mathrm{q})\mathcal{A} $ for resonances X in different $ \rho_{m} $ scenarios. Only 2016 data is used to derive limits below 2.0 TeV because of the higher trigger thresholds in 2017 and 2018. Theoretical predictions are also shown for the benchmark $ \mathrm{q}^{*} $ model.

png pdf jpg
Additional Figure 7:
Three-dimensional display of the event with the highest $ m_{\mathrm{jjj}} $ of 7.20 TeV. Energy deposited in the electromagnetic (green) and hadronic (blue) calorimeters and the reconstructed tracks of charged particles (yellow) are shown. Reconstructed three most energetic jets are represented by the yellow cones.
References
1 R. M. Harris and K. Kousouris Searches for Dijet Resonances at Hadron Colliders Int. J. Mod. Phys. A 26 (2011) 5005 1110.5302
2 UA1 Collaboration Two-jet mass distributions at the CERN proton-antiproton collider PLB 209 (1988) 127
3 UA2 Collaboration A search for new intermediate vector mesons and excited quarks decaying to two jets at the CERN $ \overline{\mathrm{p}}\mathrm{p} $ collider NPB 400 (1993) 3
4 CDF Collaboration Search for new particles decaying into dijets in proton-antiproton collisions at $ \sqrt{s} = $ 1.96 TeV PRD 79 (2009) 112002 0812.4036
5 D0 Collaboration Search for new particles in the two-jet decay channel with the D0 detector PRD 69 (2004) 111101 hep-ex/0308033
6 ATLAS Collaboration Search for new resonances in mass distributions of jet pairs using 139 fb$ ^{-1} $ of $ pp $ collisions at $ \sqrt{s}= $ 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector JHEP 03 (2020) 145 1910.08447
7 ATLAS Collaboration Search for light resonances decaying to boosted quark pairs and produced in association with a photon or a jet in proton-proton collisions at $ \sqrt{s}= $ 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector PLB 788 (2019) 316 1801.08769
8 ATLAS Collaboration Search for resonances in the mass distribution of jet pairs with one or two jets identified as $ b $-jets in proton-proton collisions at $ \sqrt{s}= $ 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector PRD 98 (2018) 032016 1805.09299
9 CMS Collaboration Search for high mass dijet resonances with a new background prediction method in proton-proton collisions at $ \sqrt{s} = $ 13 TeV JHEP 05 (2020) 033 CMS-EXO-19-012
1911.03947
10 CMS Collaboration Search for low mass vector resonances decaying into quark-antiquark pairs in proton-proton collisions at $ \sqrt{s}= $ 13 TeV PRD 100 (2019) 112007 CMS-EXO-18-012
1909.04114
11 CMS Collaboration Search for narrow resonances in the b-tagged dijet mass spectrum in proton-proton collisions at $ \sqrt{s}= $ 13 TeV PRD 108 (2023) 012009 CMS-EXO-20-008
2205.01835
12 CDF Collaboration First search for multijet resonances in $ \sqrt{s} = $ 1.96 TeV $ {\mathrm{p}\overline{\mathrm{p}}} $ collisions PRL 107 (2011) 042001 1105.2815
13 CDF Collaboration Search for pair production of strongly interacting particles decaying to pairs of jets in $ {\mathrm{p}\overline{\mathrm{p}}} $ collisions at $ \sqrt{s}= $ 1.96 TeV PRL 111 (2013) 031802 1303.2699
14 ATLAS Collaboration A search for pair-produced resonances in four-jet final states at $ \sqrt{s} = $ 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector EPJC 78 (2018) 250 1710.07171
15 CMS Collaboration Search for pair-produced resonances decaying to quark pairs in proton-proton collisions at $ \sqrt{s}= $ 13 TeV PRD 98 (2018) 112014 CMS-EXO-17-021
1808.03124
16 CMS Collaboration Search for pair-produced resonances each decaying into at least four quarks in proton-proton collisions at $ \sqrt{s} = $ 13 TeV PRL 121 (2018) 141802 CMS-EXO-17-022
1806.01058
17 ATLAS Collaboration Search for R-parity-violating supersymmetric particles in multi-jet final states produced in $ pp $ collisions at $ \sqrt{s} = $ 13 TeV using the ATLAS detector at the LHC PLB 785 (2018) 136 1804.03568
18 CMS Collaboration Search for pair-produced three-jet resonances in proton-proton collisions at $ \sqrt{s} = $ 13 TeV PRD 99 (2019) 012010 CMS-EXO-17-030
1810.10092
19 CMS Collaboration Search for resonant and nonresonant production of pairs of dijet resonances in proton-proton collisions at $ \sqrt{s} = $ 13 TeV JHEP 07 (2023) 161 CMS-EXO-21-010
2206.09997
20 CMS Collaboration Search for high-mass resonances decaying to a jet and a Lorentz-boosted resonance in proton-proton collisions at $ \sqrt{s}= $ 13 TeV PLB 832 (2022) 137263 CMS-EXO-20-007
2201.02140
21 K. Huitu, J. Maalampi, A. Pietila, and M. Raidal Doubly charged higgs at LHC NPB 487 (1997) 27 hep-ph/9606311
22 K. S. Agashe et al. LHC signals from cascade decays of warped vector resonances JHEP 05 (2017) 078 1612.00047
23 K. Agashe, M. Ekhterachian, D. Kim, and D. Sathyan LHC signals for KK graviton from an extended warped extra dimension JHEP 11 (2020) 109 2008.06480
24 U. Baur, M. Spira, and P. M. Zerwas Excited-quark and -lepton production at hadron colliders PRD 42 (1990) 815
25 CMS Collaboration HEPData record for this analysis link
26 CMS Collaboration The CMS experiment at the CERN LHC JINST 3 (2008) S08004
27 CMS Collaboration Performance of the CMS Level-1 trigger in proton-proton collisions at $ \sqrt{s} = $ 13 TeV JINST 15 (2020) P10017 CMS-TRG-17-001
2006.10165
28 CMS Collaboration The CMS trigger system JINST 12 (2017) P01020 CMS-TRG-12-001
1609.02366
29 CMS Collaboration Electron and photon reconstruction and identification with the CMS experiment at the CERN LHC JINST 16 (2021) P05014 CMS-EGM-17-001
2012.06888
30 CMS Collaboration Performance of the CMS muon detector and muon reconstruction with proton-proton collisions at $ \sqrt{s}= $ 13 TeV JINST 13 (2018) P06015 CMS-MUO-16-001
1804.04528
31 CMS Collaboration Description and performance of track and primary-vertex reconstruction with the CMS tracker JINST 9 (2014) P10009 CMS-TRK-11-001
1405.6569
32 CMS Collaboration Particle-flow reconstruction and global event description with the CMS detector JINST 12 (2017) P10003 CMS-PRF-14-001
1706.04965
33 CMS Collaboration Performance of reconstruction and identification of $ \tau $ leptons decaying to hadrons and $ \nu_\tau $ in pp collisions at $ \sqrt{s}= $ 13 TeV JINST 13 (2018) P10005 CMS-TAU-16-003
1809.02816
34 CMS Collaboration Jet energy scale and resolution in the CMS experiment in pp collisions at 8 TeV JINST 12 (2017) P02014 CMS-JME-13-004
1607.03663
35 CMS Collaboration Performance of missing transverse momentum reconstruction in proton-proton collisions at $ \sqrt{s} = $ 13 TeV using the CMS detector JINST 14 (2019) P07004 CMS-JME-17-001
1903.06078
36 CMS Collaboration Technical proposal for the Phase-II upgrade of the Compact Muon Solenoid CMS Technical Proposal CERN-LHCC-2015-010, CMS-TDR-15-02, 2015
CDS
37 M. Cacciari, G. P. Salam, and G. Soyez The anti-$ k_{\mathrm{T}} $ jet clustering algorithm JHEP 04 (2008) 063 0802.1189
38 M. Cacciari, G. P. Salam, and G. Soyez FastJet user manual EPJC 72 (2012) 1896 1111.6097
39 CMS Collaboration Jet algorithms performance in 13 TeV data CMS Physics Analysis Summary, 2017
CMS-PAS-JME-16-003
CMS-PAS-JME-16-003
40 CMS Collaboration Pileup mitigation at CMS in 13 TeV data JINST 15 (2020) P09018 CMS-JME-18-001
2003.00503
41 CMS Collaboration Search for resonances in the dijet mass spectrum from 7 TeV pp collisions at CMS PLB 704 (2011) 123 CMS-EXO-11-015
1107.4771
42 T. Sjöstrand et al. An introduction to PYTHIA 8.2 Comput. Phys. Commun. 191 (2015) 159 1410.3012
43 J. Alwall et al. The automated computation of tree-level and next-to-leading order differential cross sections, and their matching to parton shower simulations JHEP 07 (2014) 079 1405.0301
44 NNPDF Collaboration Parton distributions from high-precision collider data EPJC 77 (2017) 663 1706.00428
45 CMS Collaboration Extraction and validation of a new set of CMS PYTHIA8 tunes from underlying-event measurements EPJC 80 (2020) 4 CMS-GEN-17-001
1903.12179
46 GEANT4 Collaboration GEANT 4---a simulation toolkit NIM A 506 (2003) 250
47 R. A. Fisher On the interpretation of $ \chi^{2} $ from contingency tables, and the calculation of P J. R. Stat. Soc. 85 (1922) 87
48 ATLAS and CMS Collaborations, and LHC Higgs Combination Group Procedure for the LHC Higgs boson search combination in Summer 2011 Technical Report CMS-NOTE-2011-005, ATL-PHYS-PUB-2011-11, 2011
49 P. D. Dauncey, M. Kenzie, N. Wardle, and G. J. Davies Handling uncertainties in background shapes: the discrete profiling method JINST 10 (2015) P04015 1408.6865
50 CMS Collaboration Precision luminosity measurement in proton-proton collisions at $ \sqrt{s} = $ 13 TeV in 2015 and 2016 at CMS EPJC 81 (2021) 800 CMS-LUM-17-003
2104.01927
51 CMS Collaboration CMS luminosity measurement for the 2017 data-taking period at $ \sqrt{s} = $ 13 TeV CMS Physics Analysis Summary, 2018
link
CMS-PAS-LUM-17-004
52 CMS Collaboration CMS luminosity measurement for the 2018 data-taking period at $ \sqrt{s} = $ 13 TeV CMS Physics Analysis Summary, 2019
link
CMS-PAS-LUM-18-002
53 E. Gross and O. Vitells Trial factors for the look elsewhere effect in high energy physics EPJC 70 (2010) 525 1005.1891
54 A. L. Read Presentation of search results: The CL$ _{\text{s}} $ technique JPG 28 (2002) 2693
55 T. Junk Confidence level computation for combining searches with small statistics NIM A 434 (1999) 435 hep-ex/9902006
56 G. Cowan, K. Cranmer, E. Gross, and O. Vitells Asymptotic formulae for likelihood-based tests of new physics EPJC 71 (2011) 1554 1007.1727
Compact Muon Solenoid
LHC, CERN