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| CMS-EXO-22-024 ; CERN-EP-2024-109 | ||
| Search for new physics in high-mass diphoton events from proton-proton collisions at $ \sqrt{s}= $ 13 TeV | ||
| CMS Collaboration | ||
| 15 May 2024 | ||
| Submitted to J. High Energy Phys. | ||
| Abstract: Results are presented from a search for new physics in high-mass diphoton events from proton-proton collisions at $ \sqrt{s}= $ 13 TeV. The data set was collected in 2016-2018 with the CMS detector at the LHC and corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 138 fb$ ^{-1} $. Events with a diphoton invariant mass greater than 500 GeV are considered. Two different techniques are used to predict the standard model backgrounds: parametric fits to the smoothly-falling background and a first-principles calculation of the standard model diphoton spectrum at next-to-next-to-leading order in perturbative quantum chromodynamics calculations. The first technique is sensitive to resonant excesses while the second technique can identify broad differences in the invariant mass shape. The data are used to constrain the production of heavy Higgs bosons, Randall-Sundrum gravitons, the large extra dimensions model of Arkani-Hamed, Dimopoulos, and Dvali (ADD), and the continuum clockwork mechanism. No statistically significant excess is observed. The present results are the strongest limits to date on ADD extra dimensions and RS gravitons with a coupling parameter greater than 0.1. | ||
| Links: e-print arXiv:2405.09320 [hep-ex] (PDF) ; CDS record ; inSPIRE record ; CADI line (restricted) ; | ||
| Figures | |
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Figure 1:
The product of the acceptance ($ A $) and the event selection efficiency ($ \epsilon $) is shown as a function of the signal resonance mass $ m_{\mathrm{X}} $ for the narrow signal width hypothesis ($ \Gamma_{\mathrm{X}}/m_{\mathrm{X}}=$ 1.4 $\times$ 10$^{-4} $ for $ J= $ 0 and $ \tilde{k}= $ 0.01 for $ J= $ 2). The total (black), EBEB (red), and EBEE (blue) curves are shown for spin hypotheses $ J= $ 0 (solid) and $ J= $ 2 (dashed). |
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Figure 2:
Observed diphoton invariant mass spectra for the EBEB (left) and EBEE (right) categories for the 2016-2018 data are shown. Also shown are the results of a likelihood fit to the background-only hypothesis. The black, blue, green, and yellow lines indicate the result of the fit functions $ f_1 $, $ f_2 $, $ f_3 $, and $ f_4 $, respectively. The predicted excesses from narrow RS gravitons at masses 1.3 and 2.2 TeV are shown based on the theoretical LO cross sections, with the 1.3 TeV signal scaled by an additional factor of 0.2. The lower panels show the difference between the data and the $ f_1 $ fit, divided by the statistical uncertainty in the data points. The indicated $ \chi^2 $ in the plot is also given with respect to the $ f_1 $ fit. |
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Figure 2-a:
Observed diphoton invariant mass spectra for the EBEB (left) and EBEE (right) categories for the 2016-2018 data are shown. Also shown are the results of a likelihood fit to the background-only hypothesis. The black, blue, green, and yellow lines indicate the result of the fit functions $ f_1 $, $ f_2 $, $ f_3 $, and $ f_4 $, respectively. The predicted excesses from narrow RS gravitons at masses 1.3 and 2.2 TeV are shown based on the theoretical LO cross sections, with the 1.3 TeV signal scaled by an additional factor of 0.2. The lower panels show the difference between the data and the $ f_1 $ fit, divided by the statistical uncertainty in the data points. The indicated $ \chi^2 $ in the plot is also given with respect to the $ f_1 $ fit. |
png pdf |
Figure 2-b:
Observed diphoton invariant mass spectra for the EBEB (left) and EBEE (right) categories for the 2016-2018 data are shown. Also shown are the results of a likelihood fit to the background-only hypothesis. The black, blue, green, and yellow lines indicate the result of the fit functions $ f_1 $, $ f_2 $, $ f_3 $, and $ f_4 $, respectively. The predicted excesses from narrow RS gravitons at masses 1.3 and 2.2 TeV are shown based on the theoretical LO cross sections, with the 1.3 TeV signal scaled by an additional factor of 0.2. The lower panels show the difference between the data and the $ f_1 $ fit, divided by the statistical uncertainty in the data points. The indicated $ \chi^2 $ in the plot is also given with respect to the $ f_1 $ fit. |
png pdf |
Figure 3:
Expected and observed 95% CL upper limits on the product of the production cross section and branching fraction as a function of the RS graviton mass $ m_{\mathrm{G}} $ (left) and heavy Higgs boson mass $ m_{\text{S}} $ (right) for the full Run 2 data set. The dotted red line is the LO theoretical cross section for the RS graviton. The rows correspond to different resonance widths. Expected 68% and 95% limit bands are shown in green and yellow, respectively. |
png pdf |
Figure 3-a:
Expected and observed 95% CL upper limits on the product of the production cross section and branching fraction as a function of the RS graviton mass $ m_{\mathrm{G}} $ (left) and heavy Higgs boson mass $ m_{\text{S}} $ (right) for the full Run 2 data set. The dotted red line is the LO theoretical cross section for the RS graviton. The rows correspond to different resonance widths. Expected 68% and 95% limit bands are shown in green and yellow, respectively. |
png pdf |
Figure 3-b:
Expected and observed 95% CL upper limits on the product of the production cross section and branching fraction as a function of the RS graviton mass $ m_{\mathrm{G}} $ (left) and heavy Higgs boson mass $ m_{\text{S}} $ (right) for the full Run 2 data set. The dotted red line is the LO theoretical cross section for the RS graviton. The rows correspond to different resonance widths. Expected 68% and 95% limit bands are shown in green and yellow, respectively. |
png pdf |
Figure 3-c:
Expected and observed 95% CL upper limits on the product of the production cross section and branching fraction as a function of the RS graviton mass $ m_{\mathrm{G}} $ (left) and heavy Higgs boson mass $ m_{\text{S}} $ (right) for the full Run 2 data set. The dotted red line is the LO theoretical cross section for the RS graviton. The rows correspond to different resonance widths. Expected 68% and 95% limit bands are shown in green and yellow, respectively. |
png pdf |
Figure 3-d:
Expected and observed 95% CL upper limits on the product of the production cross section and branching fraction as a function of the RS graviton mass $ m_{\mathrm{G}} $ (left) and heavy Higgs boson mass $ m_{\text{S}} $ (right) for the full Run 2 data set. The dotted red line is the LO theoretical cross section for the RS graviton. The rows correspond to different resonance widths. Expected 68% and 95% limit bands are shown in green and yellow, respectively. |
png pdf |
Figure 3-e:
Expected and observed 95% CL upper limits on the product of the production cross section and branching fraction as a function of the RS graviton mass $ m_{\mathrm{G}} $ (left) and heavy Higgs boson mass $ m_{\text{S}} $ (right) for the full Run 2 data set. The dotted red line is the LO theoretical cross section for the RS graviton. The rows correspond to different resonance widths. Expected 68% and 95% limit bands are shown in green and yellow, respectively. |
png pdf |
Figure 3-f:
Expected and observed 95% CL upper limits on the product of the production cross section and branching fraction as a function of the RS graviton mass $ m_{\mathrm{G}} $ (left) and heavy Higgs boson mass $ m_{\text{S}} $ (right) for the full Run 2 data set. The dotted red line is the LO theoretical cross section for the RS graviton. The rows correspond to different resonance widths. Expected 68% and 95% limit bands are shown in green and yellow, respectively. |
png pdf |
Figure 4:
Expected (left) and observed (right) 95% CL upper limits on the product of the cross section and branching fraction as a function of the RS graviton mass $ m_{\mathrm{G}} $ (upper) and heavy Higgs boson mass $ m_{\text{S}} $ (lower) versus the resonance width for the 2016-2018 data. |
png pdf |
Figure 4-a:
Expected (left) and observed (right) 95% CL upper limits on the product of the cross section and branching fraction as a function of the RS graviton mass $ m_{\mathrm{G}} $ (upper) and heavy Higgs boson mass $ m_{\text{S}} $ (lower) versus the resonance width for the 2016-2018 data. |
png pdf |
Figure 4-b:
Expected (left) and observed (right) 95% CL upper limits on the product of the cross section and branching fraction as a function of the RS graviton mass $ m_{\mathrm{G}} $ (upper) and heavy Higgs boson mass $ m_{\text{S}} $ (lower) versus the resonance width for the 2016-2018 data. |
png pdf |
Figure 4-c:
Expected (left) and observed (right) 95% CL upper limits on the product of the cross section and branching fraction as a function of the RS graviton mass $ m_{\mathrm{G}} $ (upper) and heavy Higgs boson mass $ m_{\text{S}} $ (lower) versus the resonance width for the 2016-2018 data. |
png pdf |
Figure 4-d:
Expected (left) and observed (right) 95% CL upper limits on the product of the cross section and branching fraction as a function of the RS graviton mass $ m_{\mathrm{G}} $ (upper) and heavy Higgs boson mass $ m_{\text{S}} $ (lower) versus the resonance width for the 2016-2018 data. |
png pdf |
Figure 5:
The $ m_{\gamma\gamma} $ spectra and the background estimate before nuisance parameter marginalization (``pre-fit'') due to SM diphoton production ($ {\gamma\gamma} $) and misidentified photon production (j$ \gamma $, jj) for the EBEB (left) and EBEE (right) cases, combining the 2016, 2017, and 2018 data sets. The pull distributions, defined as the data minus prediction divided by the statistical uncertainty, are shown in the lower panel. The shaded bands show the systematic uncertainties, neglecting the normalization of the diphoton prediction. The last bin contains the overflow of events with $ m_{\gamma\gamma} > $ 3.5 TeV. |
png pdf |
Figure 5-a:
The $ m_{\gamma\gamma} $ spectra and the background estimate before nuisance parameter marginalization (``pre-fit'') due to SM diphoton production ($ {\gamma\gamma} $) and misidentified photon production (j$ \gamma $, jj) for the EBEB (left) and EBEE (right) cases, combining the 2016, 2017, and 2018 data sets. The pull distributions, defined as the data minus prediction divided by the statistical uncertainty, are shown in the lower panel. The shaded bands show the systematic uncertainties, neglecting the normalization of the diphoton prediction. The last bin contains the overflow of events with $ m_{\gamma\gamma} > $ 3.5 TeV. |
png pdf |
Figure 5-b:
The $ m_{\gamma\gamma} $ spectra and the background estimate before nuisance parameter marginalization (``pre-fit'') due to SM diphoton production ($ {\gamma\gamma} $) and misidentified photon production (j$ \gamma $, jj) for the EBEB (left) and EBEE (right) cases, combining the 2016, 2017, and 2018 data sets. The pull distributions, defined as the data minus prediction divided by the statistical uncertainty, are shown in the lower panel. The shaded bands show the systematic uncertainties, neglecting the normalization of the diphoton prediction. The last bin contains the overflow of events with $ m_{\gamma\gamma} > $ 3.5 TeV. |
png pdf |
Figure 6:
The $ m_{\gamma\gamma} $ spectra and background prediction after nuisance parameter marginalization (``post-fit'') due to SM diphoton production ($ {\gamma\gamma} $) and misidentified photon production (j$ \gamma $, jj) for the EBEB (left) and EBEE (right) cases, combining the 2016, 2017, and 2018 data sets. The prediction with an ADD signal (GRW convention with $ M_{\mathrm{S}}= $ 6 TeV) is also shown. The pull distributions, defined as the data minus prediction divided by the statistical uncertainty, are shown in the lower panel. The shaded bands show the systematic uncertainties, neglecting the normalization of the diphoton prediction. The last bin contains the overflow of events with $ m_{\gamma\gamma} > $ 3.5 TeV. |
png pdf |
Figure 6-a:
The $ m_{\gamma\gamma} $ spectra and background prediction after nuisance parameter marginalization (``post-fit'') due to SM diphoton production ($ {\gamma\gamma} $) and misidentified photon production (j$ \gamma $, jj) for the EBEB (left) and EBEE (right) cases, combining the 2016, 2017, and 2018 data sets. The prediction with an ADD signal (GRW convention with $ M_{\mathrm{S}}= $ 6 TeV) is also shown. The pull distributions, defined as the data minus prediction divided by the statistical uncertainty, are shown in the lower panel. The shaded bands show the systematic uncertainties, neglecting the normalization of the diphoton prediction. The last bin contains the overflow of events with $ m_{\gamma\gamma} > $ 3.5 TeV. |
png pdf |
Figure 6-b:
The $ m_{\gamma\gamma} $ spectra and background prediction after nuisance parameter marginalization (``post-fit'') due to SM diphoton production ($ {\gamma\gamma} $) and misidentified photon production (j$ \gamma $, jj) for the EBEB (left) and EBEE (right) cases, combining the 2016, 2017, and 2018 data sets. The prediction with an ADD signal (GRW convention with $ M_{\mathrm{S}}= $ 6 TeV) is also shown. The pull distributions, defined as the data minus prediction divided by the statistical uncertainty, are shown in the lower panel. The shaded bands show the systematic uncertainties, neglecting the normalization of the diphoton prediction. The last bin contains the overflow of events with $ m_{\gamma\gamma} > $ 3.5 TeV. |
png pdf |
Figure 7:
The exclusion limit for the clockwork framework over the $ k $-$ M_{5} $ parameter space. The darker shaded region denotes where the theory becomes nonperturbative. The region below the solid line constitutes the excluded region. Expected 68% and 95% limit bands are shown in green and yellow, respectively. |
| Tables | |
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Table 1:
The observed and expected lower limits on $ M_{\mathrm{S}} $ in TeV at the 95% CL for different theoretical conventions of the ADD extra dimension model. |
| Summary |
| A search has been performed for new physics in high-mass diphoton events from proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. The data used correspond to an integrated luminosity of 138 fb$ ^{-1} $ collected with the CMS detector in 2016-2018. No statistically significant excess, either resonant or nonresonant, is observed in the spectra. Masses below 2.2 to 5.6 TeV are excluded at the 95% confidence level for the excited state of the Randall-Sundrum (RS) graviton, for coupling parameters between 0.01 $ < \tilde{k} < $ 0.2. Limits are also set on the production of scalar Higgs boson like resonances. In the model with large extra spatial dimensions by Arkani-Hamed, Dimopoulos, and Dvali (ADD), exclusion limits on the mass scale $ M_{\mathrm{S}} $ range between 7.1 to 11.1 TeV, depending on the specific convention. Additionally, exclusion limits are set in the two-dimensional space of the continuum clockwork model, with the fundamental scale $ M_{5} $ excluded at the 95% confidence level below 8.0 TeV for $ k $ values between 0.2 GeV and 2.0 TeV. The present results are the strongest limits to date on ADD extra dimensions and RS gravitons with $ \tilde{k} \ge $ 0.1. |
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