CMS-TOP-22-012

CMS-TOP-22-012 ; CERN-EP-2023-021
First measurement of the top quark pair production cross section in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s} = $ 13.6 TeV
CMS Collaboration
19 March 2023
JHEP 08 (2023) 204
Abstract: The first measurement of the top quark pair ( $ \mathrm{t} \overline{\mathrm{t}} $) production cross section in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s} = $ 13.6 TeV is presented. Data recorded with the CMS detector at the CERN LHC in Summer 2022, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.21 fb$^{-1}$, are analyzed. Events are selected with one or two charged leptons (electrons or muons) and additional jets. A maximum likelihood fit is performed in event categories defined by the number and flavors of the leptons, the number of jets, and the number of jets identified as originating from b quarks. An inclusive $ \mathrm{t} \overline{\mathrm{t}} $ production cross section of 881 $ \pm $ 23 (stat+syst) $ \pm $ 20 (lumi) pb is measured, in agreement with the standard model prediction of 924 $^{+32}_{-40} $ pb.
Links: e-print arXiv:2303.10680 [hep-ex] (PDF) ; CDS record ; inSPIRE record ; HepData record ; Physics Briefing ; CADI line (restricted) ;

Figures & Tables	Summary	Additional Figures	References	CMS Publications

Figures
png pdf	Figure 1: Comparison of the number of observed (points) and predicted (filled histograms) events in the $ \mathrm{e}^\pm\mu^\mp $ channel. The distributions of the $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ (upper left) and $ \eta $ (upper right) of both leptons, the leading jet $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ (middle left), $ m_{\ell\ell} $ (middle right), and the number of jets (lower left) and b jets (lower right) are displayed. The predictions are normalized using the measured integrated luminosity and predicted cross sections, and are scaled by the b jet scale factors as obtained from the fit. The vertical bars on the points represent the statistical uncertainties in the data, and the hatched bands the systematic uncertainty in the predictions, including the integrated luminosity. The last bins include the overflow contributions. In the lower panels, the ratio of the event yields in data to the sum of predicted signal and background yields is presented.
png pdf	Figure 1-a: Comparison of the number of observed (points) and predicted (filled histograms) events in the $ \mathrm{e}^\pm\mu^\mp $ channel for the distribution of the $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ of both leptons. The predictions are normalized using the measured integrated luminosity and predicted cross sections, and are scaled by the b jet scale factors as obtained from the fit. The vertical bars on the points represent the statistical uncertainties in the data, and the hatched bands the systematic uncertainty in the predictions, including the integrated luminosity. The last bin includes the overflow contributions. In the lower panel, the ratio of the event yields in data to the sum of predicted signal and background yields is presented.
png pdf	Figure 1-b: Comparison of the number of observed (points) and predicted (filled histograms) events in the $ \mathrm{e}^\pm\mu^\mp $ channel for the distribution of the $ \eta $ of both leptons. The predictions are normalized using the measured integrated luminosity and predicted cross sections, and are scaled by the b jet scale factors as obtained from the fit. The vertical bars on the points represent the statistical uncertainties in the data, and the hatched bands the systematic uncertainty in the predictions, including the integrated luminosity. The last bin includes the overflow contributions. In the lower panel, the ratio of the event yields in data to the sum of predicted signal and background yields is presented.
png pdf	Figure 1-c: Comparison of the number of observed (points) and predicted (filled histograms) events in the $ \mathrm{e}^\pm\mu^\mp $ channel for the distribution of the leading jet $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $. The predictions are normalized using the measured integrated luminosity and predicted cross sections, and are scaled by the b jet scale factors as obtained from the fit. The vertical bars on the points represent the statistical uncertainties in the data, and the hatched bands the systematic uncertainty in the predictions, including the integrated luminosity. The last bin includes the overflow contributions. In the lower panel, the ratio of the event yields in data to the sum of predicted signal and background yields is presented.
png pdf	Figure 1-d: Comparison of the number of observed (points) and predicted (filled histograms) events in the $ \mathrm{e}^\pm\mu^\mp $ channel for the distribution of $ m_{\ell\ell} $. The predictions are normalized using the measured integrated luminosity and predicted cross sections, and are scaled by the b jet scale factors as obtained from the fit. The vertical bars on the points represent the statistical uncertainties in the data, and the hatched bands the systematic uncertainty in the predictions, including the integrated luminosity. The last bin includes the overflow contributions. In the lower panel, the ratio of the event yields in data to the sum of predicted signal and background yields is presented.
png pdf	Figure 1-e: Comparison of the number of observed (points) and predicted (filled histograms) events in the $ \mathrm{e}^\pm\mu^\mp $ channel for the distribution of the number of jets. The predictions are normalized using the measured integrated luminosity and predicted cross sections, and are scaled by the b jet scale factors as obtained from the fit. The vertical bars on the points represent the statistical uncertainties in the data, and the hatched bands the systematic uncertainty in the predictions, including the integrated luminosity. The last bin includes the overflow contributions. In the lower panel, the ratio of the event yields in data to the sum of predicted signal and background yields is presented.
png pdf	Figure 1-f: Comparison of the number of observed (points) and predicted (filled histograms) events in the $ \mathrm{e}^\pm\mu^\mp $ channel for the distribution of the number of b jets. The predictions are normalized using the measured integrated luminosity and predicted cross sections, and are scaled by the b jet scale factors as obtained from the fit. The vertical bars on the points represent the statistical uncertainties in the data, and the hatched bands the systematic uncertainty in the predictions, including the integrated luminosity. The last bin includes the overflow contributions. In the lower panel, the ratio of the event yields in data to the sum of predicted signal and background yields is presented.
png pdf	Figure 2: The number of observed and predicted events in the $ \mathrm{e}^+\mathrm{e}^- $ and $ \mu^{+}\mu^{-} $ channel are presented in the same manner as Fig.1.
png pdf	Figure 2-a: The number of observed and predicted events in the $ \mathrm{e}^+\mathrm{e}^- $ and $ \mu^{+}\mu^{-} $ channel are presented in the same manner as Fig.1-a.
png pdf	Figure 2-b: The number of observed and predicted events in the $ \mathrm{e}^+\mathrm{e}^- $ and $ \mu^{+}\mu^{-} $ channel are presented in the same manner as Fig.1-b.
png pdf	Figure 2-c: The number of observed and predicted events in the $ \mathrm{e}^+\mathrm{e}^- $ and $ \mu^{+}\mu^{-} $ channel are presented in the same manner as Fig.1-c.
png pdf	Figure 2-d: The number of observed and predicted events in the $ \mathrm{e}^+\mathrm{e}^- $ and $ \mu^{+}\mu^{-} $ channel are presented in the same manner as Fig.1-d.
png pdf	Figure 2-e: The number of observed and predicted events in the $ \mathrm{e}^+\mathrm{e}^- $ and $ \mu^{+}\mu^{-} $ channel are presented in the same manner as Fig.1-e.
png pdf	Figure 2-f: The number of observed and predicted events in the $ \mathrm{e}^+\mathrm{e}^- $ and $ \mu^{+}\mu^{-} $ channel are presented in the same manner as Fig.1-f.
png pdf	Figure 3: The number of observed and predicted events in the $ \ell $+jets channel are presented in the same manner as Fig.1, except that the middle-right plot shows the $ \eta $ of the leading jet instead.
png pdf	Figure 3-a: The number of observed and predicted events in the $ \ell $+jets channel are presented in the same manner as Fig.1-a.
png pdf	Figure 3-b: The number of observed and predicted events in the $ \ell $+jets channel are presented in the same manner as Fig.1-b.
png pdf	Figure 3-c: The number of observed and predicted events in the $ \ell $+jets channel are presented in the same manner as Fig.1-c.
png pdf	Figure 3-d: The number of observed and predicted events in the $ \ell $+jets channel are presented in the same manner as Fig.1. The plot shows the $ \eta $ of the leading jet.
png pdf	Figure 3-e: The number of observed and predicted events in the $ \ell $+jets channel are presented in the same manner as Fig.1-e.
png pdf	Figure 3-f: The number of observed and predicted events in the $ \ell $+jets channel are presented in the same manner as Fig.1-f.
png pdf	Figure 4: Comparison of the number of observed (points) and predicted (filled histograms) events in the final analysis binning. The predictions are shown before (upper) and after (lower) fitting the model to the data. The lower panel of each plot displays the ratio of the event yields in data to the sum of predicted signal and background yields. The vertical bars on the points represent the statistical uncertainties in the data, while the hatched bands represent the systematic uncertainty in the predictions, excluding the integrated luminosity. In the lower plot, the hatched bands are greatly reduced due to additional constraint of the nuisances parameters as well as correlations between them. No b jet efficiency scale factors are applied in the upper plot, and no systematic uncertainty entering into the hatched bands is intended to cover these factors, which are free parameters in the fit.
png pdf	Figure 4-a: Comparison of the number of observed (points) and predicted (filled histograms) events in the final analysis binning. The predictions are shown before after fitting the model to the data. The lower panel displays the ratio of the event yields in data to the sum of predicted signal and background yields. The vertical bars on the points represent the statistical uncertainties in the data, while the hatched bands represent the systematic uncertainty in the predictions, excluding the integrated luminosity. No b jet efficiency scale factors are applied, and no systematic uncertainty entering into the hatched bands is intended to cover these factors, which are free parameters in the fit.
png pdf	Figure 4-b: Comparison of the number of observed (points) and predicted (filled histograms) events in the final analysis binning. The predictions are shown before after fitting the model to the data. The lower panel displays the ratio of the event yields in data to the sum of predicted signal and background yields. The vertical bars on the points represent the statistical uncertainties in the data, while the hatched bands represent the systematic uncertainty in the predictions, excluding the integrated luminosity. The hatched bands are greatly reduced due to additional constraint of the nuisances parameters as well as correlations between them.
png pdf	Figure 5: The $ \mathrm{t} \bar{\mathrm{t}} $ cross section as a function of $ \sqrt{s} $, as obtained in this analysis (red filled circle) and in previous measurements by the CMS experiment [1,2,3,4,5,7,10,11] (blue markers), with vertical bars on the markers indicating the total uncertainty in the measurements. Points corresponding to measurements at the same $ \sqrt{s} $ are horizontally shifted for better visibility. The SM prediction at NNLO+NNLL precision [18] using the NNPDF3.0 NNLO PDF sets [68] and values of $ m_{\mathrm{t}}= $ 172.5 GeV and $ \alpha_\mathrm{S}(m_{\mathrm{Z}})= $ 0.118 is shown with a black line and green uncertainty bands. An enlarged inset is included to highlight the difference between 13 and 13.6 TeV predictions and results.

Tables

png pdf

Table 1:
Summary of the sources of uncertainty in the $ \sigma_{{\mathrm{t}\bar{\mathrm{t}}} } $ measurement. The relative uncertainty values are approximate and given without their correlations. The statistical uncertainty includes contributions from both the signal and control regions. The combined uncertainty includes correlations between sources. The integrated luminosity uncertainty is listed separately.

Summary

The first measurement of the top quark pair ( $ \mathrm{t} \overline{\mathrm{t}} $) production cross section in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s} = $ 13.6 TeV is presented. Data recorded with the CMS detector in Summer 2022, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of1.21 fb$^{-1}$, are analyzed. Events are selected with one or two charged leptons (electrons or muons) and additional jets. A profile maximum likelihood fit is performed on categories defined by the number and flavors of the leptons, the total number of jets, and the number of jets identified as originating from b quarks. The fit is used to constrain the uncertainties in the b tagging efficiencies and lepton selection efficiencies. Novel cross-checks are performed on the selected $ \mathrm{t} \overline{\mathrm{t}} $ data sample to verify the lepton selection efficiencies, as well as the jet energy scale, while the cross section result itself is verified by an independent event counting approach in the $ \mathrm{e}^\pm\mu^\mp $ channel. An inclusive $ \mathrm{t} \overline{\mathrm{t}} $ production cross section of 881 $ \pm $ 23 (stat+syst) $ \pm $ 20 (lumi) pb is measured, in agreement with the standard model prediction of 924 $^{+32}_{-40} $ pb.

Additional Figures

png pdf

Additional Figure 1:
For the nuisance parameters listed in the left column, the pulls $ (\hat{\theta}-\theta_0)/\Delta\theta $ (middle column) and impacts $ \Delta\hat{r} $ (right column) are displayed. The 20 nuisance parameters with the largest impacts in the fit used to determine the $ \mathrm{t} \overline{\mathrm{t}} $ cross section are shown. The impact $ \Delta\hat{r} $ is obtained from varying the nuisance parameter $ \theta $ by $ \pm $ 1 standard deviation ($ \sigma $) and evaluating the induced shift in the $ \mathrm{t} \overline{\mathrm{t}} $ signal strength $ r $. The pull $ (\hat\theta-\theta_0)/\Delta\theta $ is calculated from the values $ \hat{\theta} $ and $ \theta_0 $ after and before the fit of $ \theta $, respectively, and from its uncertainty $ \Delta\theta $ before the fit. The nuisance parameters labeled ``BG model stat.''\refer to the per-bin statistical uncertainties in the predicted yields. The uncertainty associated with the top $ p_{\mathrm{T}} $ correction corresponds to a one-sided variation of the nominal template before the fit, and thus a one-sided impact after the fit is expected.

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85	CMS Collaboration	Measurement of inclusive and differential cross sections for single top quark production in association with a W boson in proton-proton collisions at $ \sqrt{s}= $ 13 TeV	JHEP 07 (2023) 046	CMS-TOP-21-010 2208.00924
86	CMS Collaboration	Measurement of the top quark pair production cross section in proton-proton collisions at $ \sqrt{s}= $ 13 TeV	PRL 116 (2016) 052002	CMS-TOP-15-003 1510.05302
87	CMS Collaboration	Measurement of the $ \mathrm{t} \overline{\mathrm{t}} $ production cross section using events in the $ {\mathrm{e}\mu} $ final state in $ {\mathrm{p}\mathrm{p}} $ collisions at $ \sqrt{s}= $ 13 TeV	EPJC 77 (2017) 172	CMS-TOP-16-005 1611.04040
88	R. Barlow and C. Beeston	Fitting using finite Monte Carlo samples	Comput. Phys. Commun. 77 (1993) 219
89	CMS Collaboration	Precise determination of the mass of the Higgs boson and tests of compatibility of its couplings with the standard model predictions using proton collisions at 7 and 8 TeV	EPJC 75 (2015) 212	CMS-HIG-14-009 1412.8662